{"id":7763,"date":"2020-11-08T17:46:24","date_gmt":"2020-11-08T15:46:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nyje.al\/?p=7763"},"modified":"2024-09-11T15:17:43","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T13:17:43","slug":"frika-nga-shembja-d-w-winnicott","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/frika-nga-shembja-d-w-winnicott\/","title":{"rendered":"Frika nga shembja- D. W. Winnicott"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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P\u00ebrkthim | Genc Shehu | 08.11.2020<\/strong><\/span>

Donald Winicott (1896 \u2013 1971) ishte nj\u00eb pediat\u00ebr dhe psikoanalist me fam\u00eb dhe i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm anglez i cili ndikoi n\u00eb ngritjen dhe zhvillimin e asaj q\u00eb sot quhet shkolla britanike e psikoanaliz\u00ebs, duke kontribuuar sidomos n\u00eb shtjellimin e teoris\u00eb s\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve objektuale dhe n\u00eb psikologjin\u00eb zhvillimore. Ai ka b\u00ebr\u00eb kontribute t\u00eb shumta n\u00eb tranzicionin dhe zhvillimin edhe t\u00eb disa aspekteve terapeutike t\u00eb psikoanaliz\u00ebs bashk\u00ebkohore prej asaj t\u00eb paraluft\u00ebs. Ky artikull vler\u00ebsohet si ndikues n\u00eb zgjerimin e terapis\u00eb psikoanalitke n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb konsistente p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb gam\u00ebn e saj edhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb dikur quheshin gjer\u00ebsisht psikoza dhe q\u00eb sot diferencohen m\u00eb mir\u00eb midis organizimit kufitar t\u00eb personalitetit dhe organizimit psikotik t\u00eb tij si n\u00eb psikoza atipike.
<\/em><\/span>
Sh\u00ebnim redaksional i Clare Winnicott:<\/em><\/span>
Ky artikull u dha p\u00ebr botim pas vdekje sepse u shkrua pak p\u00ebrpara vdekjes s\u00eb Donald Winnicott-it dhe p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb pohim t\u00eb par\u00eb e t\u00eb kondensuar mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb pun\u00ebn klinike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Formulimi i k\u00ebtyre gjetjeve klinike rreth ides\u00eb qendrore q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbahet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull qe nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse. Di\u00e7ka doli prej thell\u00ebsive t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjes klinike n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e rrokjes s\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjshme dhe prodhoi nj\u00eb orientim t\u00eb ri t\u00eb nj\u00eb zone t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb praktike klinike. Ai kishte nd\u00ebrmend t\u2019i studionte m\u00eb tutje disa prej tematikave specifike t\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli dhe t\u00eb shkruante rreth tyre m\u00eb imt\u00ebsisht, por koha nuk e lejoi k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb kryej.<\/em><\/span>
P\u00ebr shkak se burri im do t\u00eb kishte dashur t\u00eb asociohej me botimin e k\u00ebsaj Reviste t\u00eb re, jam shum\u00eb e g\u00ebzuar q\u00eb Redaktori ishte i gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte nj\u00ebrin prej artikujve t\u00eb tij n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb International Review of Psycho-Analysis.<\/em><\/span>
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Pohim preliminar<\/strong><\/span>
P\u00ebrvojat e mia klinike m\u00eb kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb s\u00eb fundmi n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfytyrim t\u00eb ri, si\u00e7 besoj, t\u00eb kuptimit t\u00eb frik\u00ebs nga shembja.<\/span>
Q\u00ebllimi im k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb pohoj sa m\u00eb thjesht t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrfytyrim, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i ri p\u00ebr mua dhe q\u00eb ndoshta \u00ebsht\u00eb i ri p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb psikoterapi. Natyrisht, n\u00ebse ajo q\u00eb them ka t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb brenda saj, me k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb jen\u00eb marr\u00eb sakaq poet\u00ebt e bot\u00ebs, por shk\u00ebndijat mendjeholla q\u00eb vin\u00eb n\u00eb poezi nuk mund t\u00eb na \u00e7lirojn\u00eb prej detyr\u00ebs son\u00eb plot mundim p\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar hap pas hapi prej padituris\u00eb drejt synimit ton\u00eb. Jam i mendimit se studimi i k\u00ebsaj zone t\u00eb kufizuar shpie n\u00eb riformulim t\u00eb shum\u00eb problemeve t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb na shushatin nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb edhe klinikisht d\u00ebshtojm\u00eb t\u00eb jemi aq mir\u00eb sa do donim t\u00eb ishim; dhe, n\u00eb fund, do t\u00eb jap ca tregues se \u00e7far\u00eb zgjatimesh t\u00eb teoris\u00eb propozoj p\u00ebr diskutim.<\/span><\/p>

Variacione individuale<\/strong><\/span>
Frika nga shembja \u00ebsht\u00eb tipar dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs te disa prej pacient\u00ebve tan\u00eb, por jo te t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Prej k\u00ebtij vrojtimi, n\u00eb qoft\u00eb i sakt\u00eb\u00b8 mund t\u00eb hiqet p\u00ebrfundimi se frika nga shembja lidhet me p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e shkuar t\u00eb individit dhe me telendisjet mjedisore. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb kemi pritshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e nj\u00eb em\u00ebruesi t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs frik\u00eb, \u00e7ka tregon ekzistenc\u00ebn e dukurive universale; k\u00ebto p\u00ebrnj\u00ebmend mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebdo q\u00eb t\u00eb dij\u00eb prerazi se si ndihet kur nj\u00ebri prej pacient\u00ebve tan\u00eb shfaq k\u00ebt\u00eb frik\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb thekur. (E nj\u00ebjta mund t\u00eb thuhet, v\u00ebrtet, p\u00ebr \u00e7do detaj t\u00eb marr\u00ebzis\u00eb s\u00eb personit t\u00eb marrosur. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb dim\u00eb di\u00e7ka rrotull k\u00ebsaj, megjith\u00ebse ky detaj n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti me gjas\u00eb nuk na bezdis.)<\/span><\/p>

Shfaqja e simptom\u00ebs<\/strong><\/span>
Nuk ankohen q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb trajtimit t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pacient\u00ebt tan\u00eb q\u00eb e kan\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb frik\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Disa po; por t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt i kan\u00eb mbrojtjet aq mir\u00eb t\u00eb organizuara saq\u00eb frika nga shembja vjen n\u00eb pah si faktor mbizot\u00ebrues vet\u00ebm pasi trajtimi ka b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrparim t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm.<\/span>
P\u00ebr shembull, pacienti mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb fobi t\u00eb ndryshme dhe nj\u00eb organizim t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar p\u00ebr t\u2019u marr\u00eb me k\u00ebto fobi, k\u00ebshtuq\u00eb var\u00ebsia nuk vjen p\u00ebrnj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb transferenc\u00eb. N\u00eb afatgjat\u00eb, var\u00ebsia b\u00ebhet tipari kryesor dhe at\u00ebher\u00eb gabimet e d\u00ebshtimet e analistit b\u00ebhen shkaqe t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta fobish t\u00eb lokalizuara dhe k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb plasjes s\u00eb frik\u00ebs nga shembja.<\/span><\/p>

Kuptimi i \u201cshembjes\u201d<\/strong><\/span>
E kam p\u00ebrdorur me q\u00ebllim termin \u201cshembje\u201d [breakdown<\/em>] sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb disi i vagullt dhe se mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb kuptime t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi, fjala mund t\u00eb merret n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst n\u00eb kuptimin e d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb organizimi mbrojt\u00ebs. Mir\u00ebpo, menj\u00ebher\u00eb pyesim: mbrojtje kundrejt \u00e7far\u00eb? Dhe kjo na shpie n\u00eb kuptimin m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb t\u00eb termit, meqen\u00ebse kemi nevoj\u00eb q\u00eb ta p\u00ebrdorim termin \u201cshembje\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar gjendjen e pamendueshme t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave q\u00eb q\u00ebndron n\u00ebn organizimin mbrojt\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>

Do v\u00ebrejtur se, nd\u00ebrsa ka vler\u00eb t\u00eb mendohet se n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e psikoneurozave ankthi i kastrimit \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo \u00e7ka fshihet pas mbrojtjeve, n\u00eb dukurit\u00eb m\u00eb psikotike q\u00eb po shqyrtojm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shembja e themelimit t\u00eb nj\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb vetes q\u00eb indikohet. Egoja organizon mbrojtjet kundrejt shembjes s\u00eb organizimit t\u00eb egos \u2013 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb organizimi i egos ai q\u00eb kanoset. Por egoja nuk mundet t\u00eb organizohet kund\u00ebr d\u00ebshtimit mjedisor p\u00ebr aq sa var\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb fakt i jetes\u00ebs.<\/span>
Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, ne po shqyrtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysje t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb pjekuris\u00eb s\u00eb individit. Kjo ma b\u00ebn t\u00eb domosdoshme t\u00eb riformuloj shkurtimisht stadet e hershme t\u00eb rritjes emocionale.<\/span><\/p>

Rritja emocionale, stadet e hershme<\/strong><\/span>
Individi trash\u00ebgon nj\u00eb proces pjekurie. Kjo e mbar\u00ebmban individin p\u00ebr aq sa ekziston nj\u00eb mjedis leht\u00ebsues dhe vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr aq sa ky [mjedis] ekziston. Vet\u00eb mjedisi leht\u00ebsues \u00ebsht\u00eb dukuri e nd\u00ebrlikuar dhe ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr studim t\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebm nga ana e vet; tiparin thelb\u00ebsor e ka n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb rritjeje t\u00eb vet\u00ebn, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatet ndaj nevojave n\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb indidvidit q\u00eb rritet.<\/span>
Individi procedon prej var\u00ebsis\u00eb absolute te pavar\u00ebsia relative dhe drejt pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb. Sh\u00ebndetsh\u00ebm, zhvillimi ndodh me nj\u00eb rit\u00ebm q\u00eb nuk e tejkalon zhvillimin e kompleksitetit n\u00eb mekanizmat mendor\u00eb, meq\u00eb kjo lidhet me zhvillimin neurofiziologjik.<\/span><\/p>

Mjedisi leht\u00ebsues mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruhet si mbajt\u00ebs<\/em>, q\u00eb zhvillohet n\u00eb menaxhim<\/em>, t\u00eb cilit i shtohet paraqitja e objektit 1<\/sup><\/em>.<\/span>
N\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis t\u00eb till\u00eb leht\u00ebsues individi p\u00ebson zhvillim q\u00eb mund t\u00eb klasifikohet si integrues<\/em>, t\u00eb cilit i shtohet brenda-banimi<\/em> (ose koluzioni psikosomatik<\/em>) dhe pastaj raportimi me objektin<\/em>.<\/span>
Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mbi-thjesht\u00ebzim i madh por mund t\u00eb mjaftoj\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst.<\/span>
Do v\u00ebrejtur se n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim t\u00eb till\u00eb l\u00ebvizja p\u00ebrpara n\u00eb zhvillim korrenspondon ngusht\u00ebsisht me k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimin e l\u00ebvizjes prapavajt\u00ebse (dhe mbrojtjet kundrejt k\u00ebtij k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi) n\u00eb s\u00ebmundjen skizofrene.<\/span><\/p>

Var\u00ebsi absolute<\/strong><\/span>
N\u00eb koh\u00ebn e var\u00ebsis\u00eb absolute, me n\u00ebn\u00ebn q\u00eb jep nj\u00eb funksion ndihmonj\u00ebs t\u00eb egos, duhet mbajtur mend se foshnja nuk ka shkoqitur ende \u201cjo-unin\u201d prej \u201cunit\u201d \u2013 kjo nuk mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb ndarazi prej themelimit t\u00eb \u201cunit\u201d.<\/span><\/p>

Agoni primitive<\/strong><\/span>
Prej k\u00ebsaj skice mundet t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb list\u00eb agonish t\u00eb lashta (ankthi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fjal\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm e fort\u00eb k\u00ebtu).<\/span>
Ja disa:<\/span><\/p>