{"id":3400,"date":"2020-04-29T17:17:51","date_gmt":"2020-04-29T15:17:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nyje.al\/?p=3400"},"modified":"2024-09-09T13:38:34","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T11:38:34","slug":"patentat-vs-pandemia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/patentat-vs-pandemia\/","title":{"rendered":"Patentat VS Pandemia"},"content":{"rendered":"
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P\u00ebrkthim | Analiz\u00eb | Project Syndicate |29.04.2020\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>
JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ, ARJUN JAYADEV, ACHAL PRABHALA<\/span><\/p>

\"Photo<\/a> Foto nga Brian Miller n\u00eb platform\u00ebn Unsplash<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb hulumtuesit p\u00ebrreth bot\u00ebs po nxitojn\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb diagnoza dhe trajtime t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr COVID-19, na duhet t\u00eb mos harrojm\u00eb se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb rast p\u00ebrjashtimor. Jemi t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm se n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjeve publike vaksinat dhe barnat kritike p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn varen nga nj\u00eb sistem i shtyr\u00eb nga monopolet q\u00eb i sh\u00ebrben fitimit dhe jo njer\u00ebzve.<\/span><\/p>

Imagjinoni nj\u00eb bot\u00eb ku nj\u00eb rrjet global profesionist\u00ebsh mjek\u00ebsor monitorojn\u00eb dyshimet n\u00eb rritje p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e viruseve ngjit\u00ebs, periodikisht p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb formul\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar tashm\u00eb p\u00ebr vaksinimin kund\u00ebr tyre dhe pastaj ua b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb ditur informacionin kompanive dhe shteteve n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, imagjinoni n\u00ebse kjo pun\u00eb do t\u00eb kryhej pa p\u00ebrfilljen e pron\u00ebs intelektuale dhe pa monopolet farmaceutike q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb p\u00ebr maksimizimin e fitimit t\u00eb tyre nj\u00eb publik t\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar.<\/span>
Kjo mund t\u00eb ting\u00eblloj\u00eb si nj\u00eb fantazi utopike, por n\u00eb fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimi sesi jan\u00eb prodhuar vaksinat ndaj gripit n\u00eb 50 vitet e fundit. P\u00ebrmes Sistemit Global t\u00eb Mbikqyrjes dhe Reagimit ndaj Influenc\u00ebs Globale<\/em> t\u00eb OBSH-s\u00eb (GISRS), ekspert\u00eb nga e gjith\u00eb bota mblidhen dy her\u00eb n\u00eb vit p\u00ebr t\u00eb analizuar dhe diskutuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit mbi gjasat gripale n\u00eb rritje dhe vendosin se cila gjas\u00eb duhet p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb vaksin\u00ebn e \u00e7do viti. Si nj\u00eb rrjet laboratoresh i shtrir\u00eb n\u00eb 110 shtete dhe i financuar thuajse t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga qeverit\u00eb (dhe pjes\u00ebrisht nga fondacione), GISRS \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti shembullor i asaj q\u00eb Amy Kapczynski nga Shkolla Ligjore e Yale e quan \u2018shkenc\u00eb e hapur\u2019.<\/span><\/p>

Meq\u00eb GSIRS \u00ebsht\u00eb e fokusuar vet\u00ebm n\u00eb mbrojtjen e jet\u00ebve njer\u00ebzore, sesa n\u00eb nxjerrjen e fitimit, qartazi mundet t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb, interpretoj\u00eb dhe shp\u00ebrndaj\u00eb dijet q\u00eb i sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb vaksinave. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb e kemi marr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00ebqen\u00eb, vet\u00ebm tani po ia njohim hapur avantazhet.<\/span>
Si p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj pandemis\u00eb, komuniteti shkencor global ka treguar nj\u00eb gatishm\u00ebri t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashk\u00ebndar\u00eb dijen mbi trajtime t\u00eb mundshme t\u00eb virusit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb koordinuar testimet klinike, p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb transparente modele t\u00eb reja dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb publikuar gjetjet e tyre menj\u00ebher\u00eb. Brenda k\u00ebsaj klime t\u00eb re bashk\u00ebpunuese, \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb harrojm\u00eb se kompanit\u00eb farmaceutike tregtare e kan\u00eb privatizuar dhe izoluar p\u00ebr dekada me radh\u00eb dijen e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebrmes kontrollit t\u00eb zgjeruar mbi barnat kritike me patenta dyt\u00ebsore, t\u00eb paautorizuara ose mendjengushta, dhe me lobime kund\u00ebr miratimit e prodhimit t\u00eb gjenerikeve.<\/span><\/p>

Prej COVID-19 tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb qart\u00ebsuar dhimbsh\u00ebm se nj\u00eb monopolizim i till\u00eb kushton shum\u00eb jet\u00eb njer\u00ebzore. Kontrolli monopolistik mbi teknologjin\u00eb e testimeve p\u00ebr virusin e ka penguar nxjerrjen e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb kiteve testuese, ashtu si\u00e7 figurimi i \u2018respirator\u00ebve\u2019 dhe maskave \u2018N95\u2019 n\u00eb 441 patentat e kompanis\u00eb 3M e kan\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr prodhuesit e rinj manifakturimin n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb maskave mjek\u00ebsore. Edhe m\u00eb keq, patentat e shum\u00ebfishta jan\u00eb t\u00eb detyrueshme n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e vendeve t\u00eb bot\u00ebs p\u00ebr tre nga trajtimet m\u00eb premtuese t\u00eb COVID-19 – remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir\/ritonavir<\/em>. K\u00ebto patenta tashm\u00eb po e parandalojn\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebn dhe po k\u00ebrc\u00ebnojn\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrballimin financiar edhe sigurimin e barnave p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit.<\/span><\/p>

Na duhet t\u00eb zgjedhim mes dy t\u00eb ardhmeve. N\u00eb skenarin e par\u00eb, vazhdojm\u00eb si zakonisht duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb kompanit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha farmaceutike dhe duke shpresuar se ndonj\u00eb trajtim i mundsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr COVID-19 do t\u00eb dal\u00eb prej testimeve klinike dhe teknologji t\u00eb tjera po ashtu p\u00ebr zbulimin, testimin dhe mbrojtjen. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme, patentat do t\u2019u japin monopoleve kontroll mbi shumic\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre inovacioneve. Ofruesit do t\u00eb vendosin \u00e7mime t\u00eb larta duke detyruar nj\u00eb pikiat\u00eb n\u00eb racionimin e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjeve t\u00eb forta publike do t\u00eb humbasim shum\u00eb jet\u00eb njer\u00ebzish, sidomos n\u00eb vendet n\u00eb zhvillim.<\/span>
T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin problem do t\u00eb kemi edhe me ndonj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb potenciale p\u00ebr COVID-19. Ndryshe nga vaksina e poliomelitit e Jonas Salk, e cila u mund\u00ebsua falas menj\u00ebher\u00eb, shumica e vaksinave q\u00eb vijn\u00eb prej tregut sot jan\u00eb t\u00eb patentuara. P\u00ebr shembull, PCV13, vaksina aktuale p\u00ebr pneumoni p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt kushton qindra dollar\u00eb sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00eb monopol e Pfizer. Dhe pavar\u00ebsisht se Gavi, Aleanca e Vaksinave subvencionon shumic\u00ebn e kostove t\u00eb vaksin\u00ebs p\u00ebr vendet n\u00eb zhvillim, shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz ende nuk munden ta p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb at\u00eb. N\u00eb Indi, prej pneumonis\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100.000 vdekje foshnjore t\u00eb parandalueshme regjistrohen \u00e7do vit, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb vaksina sjell pak a shum\u00eb 5 miliard dollar\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura vjetore p\u00ebr Pfizer.<\/span><\/p>

N\u00eb skenarin e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen, do ta pranonim se sistemi aktual \u2013 n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin fitimi i monopoleve private vjen nga dija q\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti prodhohet n\u00eb institucione publike \u2013 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i duhur p\u00ebr q\u00ebllimet tona. Ashtu si\u00e7 avokat\u00ebt e sh\u00ebndetit publik dhe akademik\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm kan\u00eb argumentuar moti, monopolet vrasin p\u00ebrmes qasjes s\u00eb mohuar n\u00eb barna kritike q\u00eb p\u00ebrndryshe do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb qasshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem alternativ \u2013 si ai q\u00eb leht\u00ebson prodhimin e p\u00ebrvitsh\u00ebm t\u00eb vaksin\u00ebs s\u00eb gripit.<\/span>
Tashm\u00eb ka disa l\u00ebvizje n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb qasjeve alternative. P\u00ebr shembull, qeveria e Kosta Rik\u00ebs s\u00eb fundmi i b\u00ebri thirrje OBSH-s\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb konsorcium vullnetar patentash p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e pron\u00ebs intelektuale p\u00ebr trajtimet e COVID-19, e cila do t\u2019u mund\u00ebsonte shum\u00eb prodhuesve t\u00eb ofronin barna t\u00eb reja dhe diagnoza me \u00e7mime m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrballueshme.<\/span><\/p>

Konsociumi i patentave \u00a0nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ide e re. P\u00ebrmes Medicines patent Pool<\/em>, Kombet e Bashkuara dhe OBSH-ja p\u00ebr vite kan\u00eb synuar rritjen e qasjes n\u00eb trajtime p\u00ebr HIV\/AIDS, hepatitin C dhe tuberkulozin dhe tashm\u00eb e kan\u00eb zgjeruar k\u00ebt\u00eb program p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar COVID-19. Konsorciumet e patentave, grantet dhe t\u00eb tjera ide t\u00eb ngjashme jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb axhende m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr reformimin e m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs sesi zhvillohen dhe ofrohen barnat kritike p\u00ebr jet\u00eb. Q\u00ebllimi \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb drejtuar nga monopoli me nj\u00eb t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim dhe dije t\u00eb bashk\u00ebndar\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>

Me siguri, disa do t\u00eb argumentojn\u00eb se kriza e COVID-19 \u00ebsht\u00eb sui-generis ose se mjafton k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi me l\u00ebshimin e licensave t\u00eb detyrueshme p\u00ebr t\u2019i shtr\u00ebnguar kompanit\u00eb farmaceutike q\u00eb t\u00eb sillen si\u00e7 duhet. Por, p\u00ebrtej hulumtuesve n\u00eb ball\u00eb t\u00eb frontit t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk motivohen vet\u00ebm nga fitimet afatshkurtra, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se kompanit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha farmaceutike i mir\u00ebkuptojn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, Gilead, prodhuesi i remdesivir<\/em>, n\u00eb fillimet e kriz\u00ebs aplikoi p\u00ebr statusin e \u201cbarn\u00ebs jetime<\/em>\u201d, e cila do t\u2019i kishte siguruar pozicion monopolistik edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb dhe shkurtime shum\u00ebmilion\u00ebshe taksash. (Pas protestave t\u00eb publikut, kompania u t\u00ebrhoq nga aplikimi).<\/span><\/p>

Prej shum\u00eb koh\u00ebsh tashm\u00eb, i kemi z\u00ebn\u00eb bes\u00eb mitit se regjimi i sot\u00ebm i pron\u00ebs intelektuale \u00ebsht\u00eb i domosdosh\u00ebm. Suksesi i provuar i GISRS dhe t\u00eb tjera aplikime t\u00eb \u2018shkenc\u00ebs s\u00eb hapur\u2019 provojn\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn. Me p\u00ebrshkall\u00ebzimin e vdekjeve nga COVID-19, na duhet ta v\u00ebm\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje urt\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe moralitetin e nj\u00eb sistemi q\u00eb pa u ndjer\u00eb d\u00ebnon miliona qenie njer\u00ebzore me vuajtje dhe vdekje \u00e7do vit.<\/span>
Ka ardhur koh\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb re. Akademik\u00eb dhe politikb\u00ebr\u00ebs tashm\u00eb kan\u00eb dal\u00eb me shum\u00eb propozime premtuese p\u00ebr gjenerimin e inovacioneve farmaceutike shoq\u00ebrisht t\u00eb dobishme sesa thjesht\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebse. Kurr\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa tani nuk<\/span> ka qen\u00eb m\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme koha p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur zbatimin e k\u00ebtyre ideve.<\/span><\/p>

Autor\u00ebt:<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Joseph E. Stiglitz, \u00ebsht\u00eb nobelist p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb dhe professor n\u00eb Universitetin Kolumbia.<\/span>
Arjun Jayadev \u00ebsht\u00eb profesor i ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin “Azim Premjii” dhe n\u00eb Institutin p\u00ebr Mendim t\u00eb Ri Ekonomik.<\/span>
Achal Prabhala \u00ebsht\u00eb bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor n\u00eb Fondacionin Shuttleworth dhe koordinator i projektit “Accessibsa”, i cili b\u00ebn fushtata p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb barna n\u00eb Indi, Brazil dhe n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn e Jugut.<\/span><\/p>

P\u00ebrktheu: Pavjo Gjini<\/strong><\/span>
Ky shkrim \u00ebsht\u00eb botuar me dat\u00eb 23 prill 2020, n\u00eb website-in e Project Syndicate<\/a>, platform\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare ku ndahen komentimet ekonomike dhe politike mbi gjendjen aktuale t\u00eb bot\u00ebs prej shum\u00eb autor\u00ebve t\u00eb njohur nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarisht p\u00ebr kontributin n\u00eb fushat e tyre.<\/span>
P\u00ebr p\u00ebrkthimin dhe ribotimin e tij kemi respektuar t\u00eb drejtat e autorit duke marr\u00eb paraprakisht miratimin e kryeredaktor\u00ebve t\u00eb Project Syndicate.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrkthim | Analiz\u00eb | Project Syndicate |29.04.2020\u00a0JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ, ARJUN JAYADEV, ACHAL PRABHALA Foto nga Brian Miller n\u00eb platform\u00ebn Unsplash Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb hulumtuesit p\u00ebrreth bot\u00ebs po nxitojn\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb diagnoza dhe trajtime t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr COVID-19, na duhet t\u00eb mos harrojm\u00eb se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb rast p\u00ebrjashtimor. Jemi t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm se n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjeve publike vaksinat dhe barnat kritike p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn varen nga nj\u00eb sistem i shtyr\u00eb nga monopolet q\u00eb i sh\u00ebrben fitimit dhe jo njer\u00ebzve. Imagjinoni nj\u00eb bot\u00eb ku nj\u00eb rrjet global profesionist\u00ebsh mjek\u00ebsor monitorojn\u00eb dyshimet n\u00eb rritje p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e viruseve ngjit\u00ebs, periodikisht p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb formul\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar tashm\u00eb p\u00ebr vaksinimin kund\u00ebr tyre dhe pastaj ua b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb ditur informacionin kompanive dhe shteteve n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, imagjinoni n\u00ebse kjo pun\u00eb do t\u00eb kryhej pa p\u00ebrfilljen e pron\u00ebs intelektuale dhe pa monopolet farmaceutike q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb p\u00ebr maksimizimin e fitimit t\u00eb tyre nj\u00eb publik t\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar.Kjo mund t\u00eb ting\u00eblloj\u00eb si nj\u00eb fantazi utopike, por n\u00eb fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimi sesi jan\u00eb prodhuar vaksinat ndaj gripit n\u00eb 50 vitet e fundit. P\u00ebrmes Sistemit Global t\u00eb Mbikqyrjes dhe Reagimit ndaj Influenc\u00ebs Globale t\u00eb OBSH-s\u00eb (GISRS), ekspert\u00eb nga e gjith\u00eb bota mblidhen dy her\u00eb n\u00eb vit p\u00ebr t\u00eb analizuar dhe diskutuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit mbi gjasat gripale n\u00eb rritje dhe vendosin se cila gjas\u00eb duhet p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb vaksin\u00ebn e \u00e7do viti. Si nj\u00eb rrjet laboratoresh i shtrir\u00eb n\u00eb 110 shtete dhe i financuar thuajse t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga qeverit\u00eb (dhe pjes\u00ebrisht nga fondacione), GISRS \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti shembullor i asaj q\u00eb Amy Kapczynski nga Shkolla Ligjore e Yale e quan \u2018shkenc\u00eb e hapur\u2019. Meq\u00eb GSIRS \u00ebsht\u00eb e fokusuar vet\u00ebm n\u00eb mbrojtjen e jet\u00ebve njer\u00ebzore, sesa n\u00eb nxjerrjen e fitimit, qartazi mundet t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb, interpretoj\u00eb dhe shp\u00ebrndaj\u00eb dijet q\u00eb i sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb vaksinave. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb e kemi marr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00ebqen\u00eb, vet\u00ebm tani po ia njohim hapur avantazhet.Si p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj pandemis\u00eb, komuniteti shkencor global ka treguar nj\u00eb gatishm\u00ebri t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashk\u00ebndar\u00eb dijen mbi trajtime t\u00eb mundshme t\u00eb virusit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb koordinuar testimet klinike, p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb transparente modele t\u00eb reja dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb publikuar gjetjet e tyre menj\u00ebher\u00eb. Brenda k\u00ebsaj klime t\u00eb re bashk\u00ebpunuese, \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb harrojm\u00eb se kompanit\u00eb farmaceutike tregtare e kan\u00eb privatizuar dhe izoluar p\u00ebr dekada me radh\u00eb dijen e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebrmes kontrollit t\u00eb zgjeruar mbi barnat kritike me patenta dyt\u00ebsore, t\u00eb paautorizuara ose mendjengushta, dhe me lobime kund\u00ebr miratimit e prodhimit t\u00eb gjenerikeve. Prej COVID-19 tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb qart\u00ebsuar dhimbsh\u00ebm se nj\u00eb monopolizim i till\u00eb kushton shum\u00eb jet\u00eb njer\u00ebzore. Kontrolli monopolistik mbi teknologjin\u00eb e testimeve p\u00ebr virusin e ka penguar nxjerrjen e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb kiteve testuese, ashtu si\u00e7 figurimi i \u2018respirator\u00ebve\u2019 dhe maskave \u2018N95\u2019 n\u00eb 441 patentat e kompanis\u00eb 3M e kan\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr prodhuesit e rinj manifakturimin n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb maskave mjek\u00ebsore. Edhe m\u00eb keq, patentat e shum\u00ebfishta jan\u00eb t\u00eb detyrueshme n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e vendeve t\u00eb bot\u00ebs p\u00ebr tre nga trajtimet m\u00eb premtuese t\u00eb COVID-19 – remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir\/ritonavir. K\u00ebto patenta tashm\u00eb po e parandalojn\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebn dhe po k\u00ebrc\u00ebnojn\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrballimin financiar edhe sigurimin e barnave p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit. Na duhet t\u00eb zgjedhim mes dy t\u00eb ardhmeve. N\u00eb skenarin e par\u00eb, vazhdojm\u00eb si zakonisht duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb kompanit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha farmaceutike dhe duke shpresuar se ndonj\u00eb trajtim i mundsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr COVID-19 do t\u00eb dal\u00eb prej testimeve klinike dhe teknologji t\u00eb tjera po ashtu p\u00ebr zbulimin, testimin dhe mbrojtjen. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme, patentat do t\u2019u japin monopoleve kontroll mbi shumic\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre inovacioneve. Ofruesit do t\u00eb vendosin \u00e7mime t\u00eb larta duke detyruar nj\u00eb pikiat\u00eb n\u00eb racionimin e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjeve t\u00eb forta publike do t\u00eb humbasim shum\u00eb jet\u00eb njer\u00ebzish, sidomos n\u00eb vendet n\u00eb zhvillim.T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin problem do t\u00eb kemi edhe me ndonj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb potenciale p\u00ebr COVID-19. Ndryshe nga vaksina e poliomelitit e Jonas Salk, e cila u mund\u00ebsua falas menj\u00ebher\u00eb, shumica e vaksinave q\u00eb vijn\u00eb prej tregut sot jan\u00eb t\u00eb patentuara. P\u00ebr shembull, PCV13, vaksina aktuale p\u00ebr pneumoni p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt kushton qindra dollar\u00eb sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00eb monopol e Pfizer. Dhe pavar\u00ebsisht se Gavi, Aleanca e Vaksinave subvencionon shumic\u00ebn e kostove t\u00eb vaksin\u00ebs p\u00ebr vendet n\u00eb zhvillim, shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz ende nuk munden ta p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb at\u00eb. N\u00eb Indi, prej pneumonis\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100.000 vdekje foshnjore t\u00eb parandalueshme regjistrohen \u00e7do vit, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb vaksina sjell pak a shum\u00eb 5 miliard dollar\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura vjetore p\u00ebr Pfizer. N\u00eb skenarin e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen, do ta pranonim se sistemi aktual \u2013 n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin fitimi i monopoleve private vjen nga dija q\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti prodhohet n\u00eb institucione publike \u2013 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i duhur p\u00ebr q\u00ebllimet tona. Ashtu si\u00e7 avokat\u00ebt e sh\u00ebndetit publik dhe akademik\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm kan\u00eb argumentuar moti, monopolet vrasin p\u00ebrmes qasjes s\u00eb mohuar n\u00eb barna kritike q\u00eb p\u00ebrndryshe do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb qasshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem alternativ \u2013 si ai q\u00eb leht\u00ebson prodhimin e p\u00ebrvitsh\u00ebm t\u00eb vaksin\u00ebs s\u00eb gripit.Tashm\u00eb ka disa l\u00ebvizje n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb qasjeve alternative. P\u00ebr shembull, qeveria e Kosta Rik\u00ebs s\u00eb fundmi i b\u00ebri thirrje OBSH-s\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb konsorcium vullnetar patentash p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e pron\u00ebs intelektuale p\u00ebr trajtimet e COVID-19, e cila do t\u2019u mund\u00ebsonte shum\u00eb prodhuesve t\u00eb ofronin barna t\u00eb reja dhe diagnoza me \u00e7mime m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrballueshme. Konsociumi i patentave \u00a0nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ide e re. P\u00ebrmes Medicines patent Pool, Kombet e Bashkuara dhe OBSH-ja p\u00ebr vite kan\u00eb synuar rritjen e qasjes n\u00eb trajtime p\u00ebr HIV\/AIDS, hepatitin C dhe tuberkulozin dhe tashm\u00eb e kan\u00eb zgjeruar k\u00ebt\u00eb program p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar COVID-19. Konsorciumet e patentave, grantet dhe t\u00eb tjera ide t\u00eb ngjashme jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb axhende m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr reformimin e m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs sesi zhvillohen dhe ofrohen barnat kritike p\u00ebr jet\u00eb. Q\u00ebllimi \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb drejtuar nga monopoli me nj\u00eb t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim dhe dije t\u00eb bashk\u00ebndar\u00eb. Me siguri, disa do t\u00eb argumentojn\u00eb se kriza e COVID-19 \u00ebsht\u00eb sui-generis ose se mjafton k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi me l\u00ebshimin e licensave t\u00eb detyrueshme p\u00ebr t\u2019i shtr\u00ebnguar kompanit\u00eb farmaceutike q\u00eb t\u00eb sillen si\u00e7 duhet. 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