{"id":3076,"date":"2020-03-16T18:19:55","date_gmt":"2020-03-16T17:19:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nyje.al\/?p=3076"},"modified":"2024-09-06T12:09:59","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T10:09:59","slug":"njeriu-qe-pa-pandemine-tek-vinte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/njeriu-qe-pa-pandemine-tek-vinte\/","title":{"rendered":"Njeriu q\u00eb Pa Pandemin\u00eb tek Vinte"},"content":{"rendered":"
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nyje.al |16.03.2020<\/strong><\/span><\/p>


\"\"Intervist\u00eb me Dennis Carroll p\u00ebr Revist\u00ebn Shkencore Nautilus<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/span>Intervista u p\u00ebrgatit nga redaktori i revist\u00ebs Kevin Berger m\u00eb 12 mars, 2020.<\/span><\/em><\/p>

Dennis Carroll \u00ebsht\u00eb ish-drejtor i programit t\u00eb USAID-it PREDICT (PARASHIKO) fokusuar n\u00eb hulumtimin e viruseve q\u00eb gjenden te kafsh\u00ebt e egra. Program ky i cili u mbyll n\u00eb vitin 2019 pasi jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsia e tij 10-vje\u00e7are nuk u rifinancua p\u00ebr vazhdimin e pun\u00ebs. Aktualisht drejton projektin Global Virome, nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim global jo-fitimprur\u00ebs i cili tenton t\u00eb mobilizoj\u00eb shkenctar\u00eb, ekspert\u00eb dhe po ashtu teknologjin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit p\u00ebr v\u00ebzhgimin dhe regjistrimin e viruseve q\u00eb mbar\u00ebshtohen n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb egra. Projekti synon t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb databaz\u00eb bot\u00ebrore p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e viruseve n\u00eb popullatat e kafsh\u00ebve q\u00eb \u00a0rrezikojn\u00eb infektimin e njer\u00ebzve. Dennis Carroll \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga figurat kryesore bot\u00ebrore q\u00eb ka paralajm\u00ebruar transmetimin e patogjen\u00ebve nga kafsh\u00ebt tek njer\u00ebzit.<\/span><\/p>

Si arriti t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb koronavirusi aktual nga lakuriqi i nat\u00ebs te njer\u00ebzit?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Nuk e dim\u00eb specifikisht, por mendohet se virusi po shp\u00ebrndahej nga kafsha n\u00eb treg nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb ka patur njer\u00ebz pran\u00eb. Ose mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb patur njer\u00ebz q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb duke e mbajtur kafsh\u00ebn. Mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb patur edhe burim dyt\u00ebsor. N\u00eb vitin 2002, p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb SARS-it n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, nuk u provua kontakti i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb i njer\u00ebzve me lakuriq\u00ebt si burim infeksioni. Pati nj\u00eb burim dyt\u00ebsor, kafsh\u00ebn e eg\u00ebr macen civet 1<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>

A mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndodhur transmetimi fal\u00eb ngr\u00ebnies s\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb egra nga njer\u00ebzit?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Tipikisht ekspozimi ndodh aty ku gatitet kafsha. Virusi vdes deri sa t\u00eb gatuhet dhe p\u00ebrgatitet. \u00cbsht\u00eb m\u00eb e zakont\u00eb q\u00eb transmetimi t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb magazinimin dhe therjen e kafsh\u00ebve, kur ndodh ekspozimi ndaj sekrecioneve, gjakut dhe l\u00ebngjeve t\u00eb tyre. N\u00eb rastin e gripit t\u00eb shpend\u00ebve, prej domestikimit t\u00eb tyre ekspozimi \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur dhe infektimi ndodh n\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjen e pul\u00ebs p\u00ebr gatim. N\u00eb Egjipt, p\u00ebr shembull, kur shohim se kush u infektua, m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti kishim t\u00eb b\u00ebnim me gra, drejtp\u00ebrdrejt t\u00eb lidhura me therjen dhe p\u00ebrgatitjen e kafsh\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>

N\u00eb vitin 2018, ju me koleg\u00ebt tuaj shkruanit n\u00eb Science, \u201caft\u00ebsia jon\u00eb p\u00ebr ta neutralizuar shfaqjen e nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeje po minohet nga kuptimi yn\u00eb i varf\u00ebr mbi diversitetin dhe ekologjin\u00eb e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve virale.\u201d \u00c7far\u00eb kemi nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb mbi diversitetin dhe ekologjin\u00eb e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve virale?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Gj\u00ebja e par\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen me t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb ballafaqohemi tashm\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb; tashm\u00eb po qarkullojn\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb egra. Mendojeni si nj\u00eb materie t\u00eb zez\u00eb virale. Pellgje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha virusesh qarkullojn\u00eb, por ne nuk familjarizohemi me to pa ngjar\u00eb p\u00ebrhapja e tyre me raste njer\u00ebzish q\u00eb s\u00ebmuren.<\/span><\/p>

A kan\u00eb lakuriq\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht nj\u00eb potencial t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrhapje?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Me siguri. Ne ia kemi dal\u00eb t\u2019i identifikojm\u00eb lakuriq\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs si rezervuare koronavirus\u00ebsh dhe kemi dokumentuar popullata specifike lakuriq\u00ebsh si rezervuare p\u00ebr virusin Ebola. Po duam t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb sesi operon secili prej k\u00ebtyre lakuriq\u00ebve p\u00ebrbrenda nj\u00eb ekosistemi. A kan\u00eb sjellje dhe praktika t\u00eb caktuara q\u00eb i mbajn\u00eb ose larg ose pran\u00eb popullatave njer\u00ebzore? Popullata e lakuriq\u00ebve t\u00eb nat\u00ebs ku kemi izoluar virusin Ebola n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn Per\u00ebndimore ishte nj\u00eb lloj i lakuriq\u00ebve t\u00eb nat\u00ebs q\u00eb po ashtu priret t\u00eb ngre fole p\u00ebrbrenda strehimeve njer\u00ebzore, duke rritur k\u00ebshtu mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrhapjes.<\/span><\/p>

A kan\u00eb ndodhur \u00e7rregullime n\u00eb mjedisin e tyre q\u00eb i kan\u00eb afruar lakuriq\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs me ne njer\u00ebzit?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
\u00c7rregullimet n\u00eb mjedisin e tyre jemi ne. Kemi penetruar thell\u00eb e m\u00eb thell\u00eb p\u00ebrbrenda ekozonave t\u00eb tyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb pazaptuara m\u00ebpar\u00eb nga ne.<\/span><\/p>

Kush \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebsymje ton\u00ebn?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
N\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, v\u00ebrejm\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebsymje t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb shtyr\u00eb nga ekstraktimi i naft\u00ebs dhe mineraleve n\u00eb zona q\u00eb tipikisht kan\u00eb patur pak popullsi njer\u00ebzore. Problemi nuk q\u00ebndron vet\u00ebm te zhvendosja e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve dhe ngritja e kampeve n\u00eb k\u00ebto mjedise, por te nd\u00ebrtimi i rrug\u00ebve q\u00eb mund\u00ebson edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb popullsive. Rrug\u00ebt mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb po ashtu edhe l\u00ebvizjen e kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb egra q\u00eb ia dalin t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb n\u00eb zonat urbane dhe t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen pjes\u00eb e tregut t\u00eb ushqimit. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto ndryshime dramatike rrisin potencialin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb infektimit.<\/span><\/p>

A jan\u00eb k\u00ebto ngjarjet p\u00ebrhap\u00ebse m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonta tani se para 50 viteve?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Po. Aleanca EkoSh\u00ebndeti, nj\u00eb NGO, dhe t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb ngjashme, kan\u00eb v\u00ebzhguar t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrhapjet e raportuara prej vitit 1940. Kan\u00eb mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim bukur t\u00eb sigurt\u00eb ku konstatojn\u00eb se kemi nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ngjarjeve p\u00ebrhap\u00ebse n\u00eb 2 deri n\u00eb 3 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa 40 vite m\u00eb her\u00ebt. Kjo vazhdon t\u00eb rritet, shtyr\u00eb nga rritja e jasht\u00ebzakonshme e popullatave njer\u00ebzore dhe zgjerimi i tyre n\u00eb zona t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb egra. Parashikuesi m\u00eb i madh i ngjarjeve p\u00ebrhap\u00ebse jan\u00eb ndryshimet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdorimit-t\u00eb-tok\u00ebs \u2014gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb tok\u00eb q\u00eb shkon p\u00ebr agrikultur\u00eb dhe m\u00eb specifikisht p\u00ebr ngritjen dhe prodhimin e fermave.<\/span><\/p>

A ka di\u00e7ka specifike n\u00eb nj\u00eb virus q\u00eb e b\u00ebn at\u00eb zoonotik 2<\/sup>?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Mund t\u00eb argumentosh se viruset nuk jan\u00eb organizma t\u00eb gjall\u00eb. Jan\u00eb veshje proteinike q\u00eb brendashkruajn\u00eb ADN dhe ARN. P\u00ebrtej k\u00ebsaj, nuk kan\u00eb makineri t\u00eb tyren p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar m\u00eb vete. Por jan\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb nj\u00eb ekosistemi q\u00eb i ka t\u00eb gjitha makinerit\u00eb q\u00eb u duhen p\u00ebr riprodhimin e tyre. Nuk mund t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb nj\u00eb popullate kafsh\u00ebsh. Kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb kafsh\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebfishohen. Dhe ne jemi thjesht\u00eb nj\u00eb kafsh\u00eb mes t\u00eb tjerash p\u00ebr ta. Ne na duket vetja t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo, viruset po na infektojn\u00eb bash me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin q\u00ebllim si\u00e7 infektojn\u00eb lakuriq\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs dhe macet civet.<\/span><\/p>

Viruste jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb balanc\u00eb delikate, apo jo? Iu duhet t\u00eb shumohen pa e vrar\u00eb bart\u00ebsin e tyre. <\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Pik\u00ebrisht. Ata q\u00eb e vrasin shpejt bart\u00ebsin e tyre zhduken shum\u00eb shpejt edhe vet\u00eb po ashtu. Me virusin SARS, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi q\u00eb vrasja e 10% e bart\u00ebsve e b\u00ebri q\u00eb t\u00eb mos mundte t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb virus pandemik n\u00eb planet.<\/span><\/p>

A ka ndonj\u00eb shenj\u00eb q\u00eb ky koronavirus do t\u00eb vet\u00ebvritet?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Ky ka nj\u00eb patogjenicitet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Sa m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt rrezikshm\u00ebria, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb ka gjasa t\u00eb b\u00ebhet pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb endemie, pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb ngjarje sezonale. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga gj\u00ebrat kryesore q\u00eb do t\u00eb na shqet\u00ebsoj\u00eb. N\u00ebse do t\u2019i kaloj\u00eb pa u ndjer\u00eb muajt e ver\u00ebs, at\u00ebher\u00eb pyetja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb, \u201cA po i infekton ende njer\u00ebzit?\u201d Do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb jemi duke kaluar nj\u00eb ver\u00eb me viruse gripale, por q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb aktiv\u00eb. Thjesht\u00eb nuk ndihen. Kur ekologjia t\u2019u p\u00ebrkoj\u00eb, kur t\u00eb filloj\u00eb i ftohti dhe lag\u00ebshtia, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb shumohen keqazi. N\u00ebse ia del t\u00eb mbartet pa e vrar\u00eb bart\u00ebsin p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb muajve t\u00eb ver\u00ebs, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb virus i cili i ka t\u00eb gjitha shenjat se po e normalizon veten si pjes\u00eb t\u00eb ambientit ton\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb zez\u00ebn ton\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>

A mendon se shp\u00ebrhapja aktuale ishte e pashmangshme? <\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Oh, sigurisht. Ishte e parashikueshme. \u00cbsht\u00eb si t\u00eb mos kemi rregulla p\u00ebr trafikun dhe vazhdimisht t\u00eb shohim k\u00ebmb\u00ebsor\u00eb q\u00eb goditen nga veturat nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb kalojn\u00eb rrug\u00ebn. A do t\u00eb na habiste kjo? Jo. Gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ta menaxhojm\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb rregullimin e kalimeve t\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebsor\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb vendosim sinjalistika e rregulla p\u00ebr trafikun. Aktualisht nuk po e b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb. Nuk po vendosim llojin e praktikave t\u00eb sigurta q\u00eb do ta minimizonin mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrhapjes. N\u00ebse do ta kuptonim m\u00eb mir\u00eb se ku po qarkullojn\u00eb k\u00ebto viruse dhe t\u00eb kuptonim m\u00eb mir\u00eb ekologjin\u00eb e tyre, do ta kishim potencialin p\u00ebr ta nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb dhe minimizuar rrezikun e p\u00ebrhapjes.<\/span><\/p>

Pse nuk po e b\u00ebjm\u00eb \u2013 qeverit\u00eb dhe politikb\u00ebr\u00ebsit \u2013 k\u00ebt\u00eb? <\/em><\/strong><\/span>
S\u00eb pari, ky\u00a0 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem n\u00eb zgjerim e sip\u00ebr fal\u00eb ndryshimeve t\u00eb paprecedenta t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb 100 vitet e fundit kemi filluar t\u00eb shtohemi si njer\u00ebz n\u00eb mas\u00ebn q\u00eb po shkaktojm\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme t\u00eb ekosistemit n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi. N\u00ebse ju dhe un\u00eb do ta kishim k\u00ebt\u00eb diskutim para 100 vitesh, do t\u00eb kishim 6 miliard njer\u00ebz m\u00eb pak n\u00eb planet. Na u desh t\u00eb kalonim pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebs ton\u00eb, 300,000 vite, para se t\u00eb arrinim numrin 1 miliard. Por n\u00eb 100 vite jemi shtuar n\u00eb 6 miliard dhe do t\u00eb shtohemi edhe p\u00ebr 4-5 miliard t\u00eb tjera para fundit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij shekulli.<\/span>
S\u00eb dyti, qeverit\u00eb dhe shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti qeverisen nga inercia. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb se ne ndryshojm\u00eb, p\u00ebrshtatemi dhe zhvillohemi shum\u00eb shpejt. Dhe jemi vecc nj\u00eb fije n\u00eb dijeni si shoq\u00ebri globale se bota n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn po jetojm\u00eb aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsisht ndryshe nga bota q\u00eb specia jon\u00eb ka jetuar n\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebve. Ju e dini se t\u00eb vjetrit v\u00ebrenin se n\u00ebse e hedh nj\u00eb bretkos\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb po\u00e7e me ujin n\u00eb zierje, do t\u00eb hidhet p\u00ebrjasht\u00eb. Por n\u00ebse e merr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn bretkos\u00eb dhe e fut n\u00eb nj\u00eb po\u00e7e me uj\u00eb ambienti dhe ngadal\u00eb e rrit temperatur\u00ebn, do t\u00eb rrij\u00eb n\u00eb uj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ziehet p\u00ebr vdekje. E humbet prespektiv\u00ebn mbi mjedisin q\u00eb po ndryshon p\u00ebrreth saj. Ne jemi ajo bretkosa n\u00eb ujin e ambientit. Jemi t\u00eb pavet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr kushtet q\u00eb u kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar viruseve zoonotike t\u00eb integrohen p\u00ebrbrenda nesh.<\/span><\/p>

Cila ishte gj\u00ebja si p\u00ebrnj\u00ebmend t\u2019i hapi syt\u00eb fillimisht p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmas\u00ebn e problemit t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
E ke fjal\u00ebn p\u00ebr momentin tim Palian rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebr Damask?<\/span><\/p>

Pik\u00ebrisht.<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Ishte gripi i shpend\u00ebve n\u00eb vitet 2000. Ajo \u00e7ka dalloje me gripin e shpend\u00ebve ishte pasoj\u00eb e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb e sesa shum\u00eb shpend\u00eb (si pulat) prodhoheshin p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushqyer njer\u00ebzit. N\u00ebse shikon Kin\u00ebn e sotme, prodhon di\u00e7ka n\u00eb nivelin e 15-20 miliard shpend t\u00eb domestikuar n\u00eb vit. Por n\u00ebse kthehesh te t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e viteve \u201960, v\u00ebren se, n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, vet\u00ebm disa pak qindra milion\u00eb ishin n\u00eb prodhim. N\u00ebse shikon Bangladeshin, Vietnamin, dhe gjetiu n\u00eb Azi e Indonezi, shikon se masa e shpend\u00ebve q\u00eb prodhohej 50 vite m\u00ebpar\u00eb ishte e p\u00ebrmasave m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla sesa ajo q\u00eb prodhohet sot. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzve dhe e m\u00eb shum\u00eb fuqie bler\u00ebse. Nj\u00eb nga gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb dim\u00eb mbi fuqin\u00eb bler\u00ebse t\u00eb familjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb se kur ke t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb shpenzueshme n\u00eb dor\u00eb, do t\u00eb zhvendosesh nga nj\u00eb diet e bazuar n\u00eb zhardhok e drith\u00ebra drejt proteinave t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve. Dhe pik\u00ebrisht kjo ka ndodhur.<\/span><\/p>

Nj\u00eb statistik\u00eb q\u00eb del n\u00eb pah nga \u00e7far\u00eb shkruat n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn \u201cScience\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb se ekzistojn\u00eb 1.67 milion\u00eb viruse n\u00eb Tok\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb p\u00ebrllogaritje prej 631,000-827,000 kan\u00eb kapacitet p\u00ebr t\u2019i infektuar njer\u00ebzit. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb bukur frik\u00ebsuese, apo jo? <\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb bukur frik\u00ebsuese. Por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, potenciali p\u00ebr t\u00eb infektuar nuk lidhet domosdoshm\u00ebrisht me s\u00ebmundje dhe vdekje. Disa viruse mund t\u00eb mos ken\u00eb asnj\u00eb pasoj\u00eb dhe disa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrforcimin e vet\u00eb biologjis\u00eb ton\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen pjes\u00eb e mikrobiom\u00ebs ton\u00eb. Kjo nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebn risi p\u00ebr kursin e evolucionit. Duhet t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb hapur ndaj ides\u00eb se viruset nuk jan\u00eb thjesht armiqt\u00eb tan\u00eb, se munden t\u00eb luajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm dhe pozitiv p\u00ebr ne. K\u00ebt\u00eb e kemi zbuluar te bakteret. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb jemi sy\u00e7el\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm rreth barnave q\u00eb marrim. N\u00ebse po marrim antiviral me spekt\u00ebr t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, munden t\u00eb na krijojn\u00eb komplikime t\u00eb tjera.<\/span><\/p>

Si do ta p\u00ebrshkruanit qasjen e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara ndaj k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimit t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve zoonotike?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht\u00eb qeveria e SHBA-ve, por qeverit\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi dhe sektori privat \u2013 ne nuk investojm\u00eb ndaj rrezikut. T\u00eb flas\u00ebsh rreth s\u00ebmundjeve zoonotike \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshe nga t\u00eb flas\u00ebsh rreth tuberkulozit dhe malaries. Ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb prekshme. Jan\u00eb probleme t\u00eb qarta dhe pranishme. S\u00ebmundjet zoonotike jan\u00eb probleme n\u00eb shfaqje e sip\u00ebr. Por ne si shoq\u00ebri nuk investojm\u00eb n\u00eb gj\u00ebra q\u00eb nuk na trokasin te dera.<\/span><\/p>

A nuk mendoni se tashm\u00eb koronavirusi po na e shkallmon pragun?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Po, e ka rrok v\u00ebmendjen e t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve. Por kur t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb kryetitull lajmesh, do t\u00eb shihni nj\u00eb t\u00ebrheqje t\u00eb llojit t\u00eb investimeve q\u00eb b\u00ebhen n\u00eb t\u00eb. Ne kemi buxhete lufte dhe pastaj asnj\u00eb dyshk\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb paqes. Pra, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e sfid\u00ebs \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb ushtrim inxhinieringu social ky \u2013 lidhet me t\u00ebrheqjen e investimeve nga ligjb\u00ebr\u00ebsit dhe investitor\u00ebt ndaj rreziqeve. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb bukur e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>

Fakti q\u00eb programi juaj PREDICT nuk u rifinancua \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje politike kund\u00ebr Presidentit Trump, i cili ka treguar nj\u00eb injoranc\u00eb rreth shkenc\u00ebs. A mendoni se ka nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhje mes fundit t\u00eb PREDICT dhe asaj q\u00eb ka ndodhur me koronavirusin?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Jo, nuk mendoj ashtu. PREDICT ishte nj\u00eb projekt i bukur, shkenc\u00ebrisht i mir\u00ebekzekutuar dhe vizionar. Por shkalla e tij ishte e vog\u00ebl. Zbuloi pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2,000 viruse. N\u00ebse duam t\u00eb kemi impakt n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin publik, gjetja e 2,000 viruseve nga nj\u00eb rezervuar prej 600,000 sosh n\u00eb mbi 10 vite nuk do ta transformoj\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb ton\u00eb p\u00ebr ta minimizuar rrezikun ndaj sh\u00ebndetit publik. Dhe PREDICT nuk ia doli bash ta drejtoj\u00eb hapin e dyt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekuacion kritik \u2013 n\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrimin e shkenc\u00ebs n\u00eb politikb\u00ebrje. Nuk e dizajnuam p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00ebllim. Po ashtu, edhe nj\u00eb buxhet vjetor prej 20 million dollar\u00ebsh nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm. Do t\u00eb na duhej nj\u00eb buxhet prej 100 milion\u00eb dollar\u00ebsh n\u00eb vit p\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00ebmbajtur llojin e programit global q\u00eb do t\u00eb na transformonte t\u00eb menduarit ton\u00eb mbi rrezikun viral dhe sesi duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitemi p\u00ebr t\u00eb. K\u00ebt\u00eb synon ta b\u00ebj\u00eb projekti im i ri Global Virome.<\/span><\/p>

\u00c7far\u00eb ju shqet\u00ebson rreth k\u00ebtij koronavirusi?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat gj\u00ebra t\u00eb dukshme q\u00eb po i shqet\u00ebsojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, por ka edhe gj\u00ebra p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat nuk po flitet. Ato jan\u00eb gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb m\u00eb shqet\u00ebsojn\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarje globale. Do t\u00eb godas\u00eb \u00e7do komunitet kudo n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Dhe impakti nuk do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb sepse ka pjes\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs q\u00eb kan\u00eb sisteme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb brishta sesa i joni, i Kin\u00ebs apo i Europ\u00ebs. E dim\u00eb se kur sistemeve t\u00eb dob\u00ebta sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore iu drejtohen k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb reja t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme ka nj\u00eb rrezik t\u00eb madh q\u00eb k\u00ebto sisteme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb kolapsojn\u00eb. Specifikisht n\u00eb rajone t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs ku ka trazira dhe luft\u00ebra civile.<\/span>
N\u00eb vitin 2014, kur virusi Ebola kaploi tre vende t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs Per\u00ebndimore, v\u00ebrejt\u00ebm se nj\u00eb nga pasojat e menj\u00ebhershme t\u00eb virusit ishte thelb\u00ebsisht mbyllja e sh\u00ebrbimit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. N\u00eb at\u00eb situat\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor\u00eb u ekspozuan, u s\u00ebmur\u00ebn dhe u frik\u00ebsuan. P\u00ebr 5 muaj, nuk kishte sh\u00ebrbime sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore q\u00eb p\u00ebrkujdeseshin p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin e njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb situata normale. Grat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebna nuk kishin qasje tek mamit\u00eb e trajnuara. F\u00ebmij\u00ebt nuk kishin qasje n\u00eb anti-malariet. Imunizimet nuk vazhdonin. Kishte nj\u00eb popullsi t\u00eb padokumentuar jeta e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kompromentohej sepse nuk mundeshin t\u00eb merrnin sh\u00ebrbimet mjek\u00ebsore rutin\u00eb. Frika ime \u00ebsht\u00eb se kjo mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. N\u00ebse koronavirusi vazhdon t\u00eb jet\u00eb kaq q\u00ebndror sa \u00ebsht\u00eb, do t\u00eb shohim sisteme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore q\u00eb mbingarkohen dhe nuk ia dalin t\u2019u p\u00ebrgjigjen edhe virusit edhe problemeve t\u00eb zakonshme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore. Askush nga qeveria nuk duket se po flet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>

N\u00eb vitin 2005, p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb gripit t\u00eb shpend\u00ebve, George W. Bush ishte vazhdimisht n\u00eb telefon me drejtues shtetesh nga e gjith\u00eb bota p\u00ebr t\u00eb koordinuar nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje globale. Barack Obama b\u00ebri t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb p\u00ebr pandemin\u00eb e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb H1N1 dhe n\u00eb vitin 2014 p\u00ebr epidemin\u00eb e Ebolas. At\u00ebbot\u00eb shihnim udh\u00ebheqjen presidenciale e cila nd\u00ebrmerrte masa dhe vepronte si nj\u00eb katalizator p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7elur globalisht rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebrball\u00eb nj\u00eb problemi global. N\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb aktuale ka nj\u00eb heshtje absolute. Mendoj se e vetmja arsye pse Sht\u00ebpia e Bardh\u00eb po i kushton nj\u00eb fije v\u00ebmendje k\u00ebsaj situate \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se tregu i stoqeve \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Pra, thjesht po tentojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb fjal\u00ebt q\u00eb ju duhen p\u00ebr t\u00eb qet\u00ebsuar tregun e stoqeve.<\/span><\/p>

Pse mendon se Sht\u00ebpia e Bardh\u00eb ka heshtur?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Sepse administrata Trump \u00ebsht\u00eb e interesuar vet\u00ebm te Amerika-s\u00eb pari. Populizmi k\u00ebtu, p\u00ebrreth Europ\u00ebs dhe gjetk\u00eb e ka fragmentuar rrjetin global, i cili ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsues qendror p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb bashk\u00eb nj\u00eb qasje globale ndaj problemeve t\u00eb tilla. Nuk kam par\u00eb asnj\u00eb raport prej Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb q\u00eb tregon se nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb Kina vuante p\u00ebr ta v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00ebn fre virusin, Presidenti yn\u00eb i drejtohej Presidentit Xi p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur sesi t\u00eb koordinojn\u00eb nj\u00eb veprim t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. Jam i shokuar nga mungesa absolute e dialogut global p\u00ebr di\u00e7ka q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarje globale. N\u00eb Europ\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre momenteve, nuk ta pret mendja se ekziston nj\u00eb Bashkim Europian. Nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi im, duket sikur secili shtet po improvizon m\u00eb vete n\u00eb rrug\u00eb e sip\u00ebr. Italia nuk po koordinohet me Brukselin. Brukseli nuk po koordinohet me Gjermanin\u00eb. Nuk ka nj\u00eb qasje koherente rajonale ndaj k\u00ebtij problemi n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, edhe pse e kan\u00eb nj\u00eb platform\u00eb p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>

At\u00ebher\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i b\u00ebr\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimin global t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve zoonotike?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Nuk ka si sulmet seriale p\u00ebr t\u00eb ta rritur v\u00ebmendjen, dhe bash kjo po na ndodh. Jemi n\u00eb nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl ku rreth \u00e7do tre vite na ndodh di\u00e7ka e till\u00eb. Dhe secil\u00ebn her\u00eb q\u00eb ndodh, ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb vet\u00ebdij\u00ebsim se k\u00ebto investime duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhen dhe t\u00eb mir\u00ebmbahen. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto para t\u00eb merren si pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb financimi t\u00eb rregullt t\u00eb p\u00ebrvitsh\u00ebm dhe jo-emergjent.<\/span><\/p>

Ka nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebndarje shembullore t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mes shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve dhe gjeneticien\u00ebve, apo nuk mendoni k\u00ebshtu?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Po. Por mendoni p\u00ebr silogjizmin e Sokratit: t\u00eb mir\u00ebmenduarit na \u00e7on n\u00eb mir\u00ebveprim. Ne e dim\u00eb se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu. Mendimet tuaja mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb me vend, por praktikat mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht divergjente. Ajo \u00e7ka na mund\u00ebson shkenca \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuarit e rrezikut deri n\u00eb detaj. Shkenca na sh\u00ebrben kuptueshm\u00ebri, por duhet q\u00eb ne ta p\u00ebrkthejm\u00eb kuptueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb rrezikut dhe ta shtyjm\u00eb at\u00eb p\u00ebrpara.<\/span><\/p>

Idealisht, si duhet t\u00eb ecim tutje?<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
K\u00ebto viruse vetvetiu kan\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohen. Ajo \u00e7ka po shohim sot nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebrisht \u00e7ka do t\u00eb shohim pas disa muajve. Mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet m\u00eb vdekjeprur\u00ebs ose mund t\u00eb moderohet dhe zhduket, si ftohja e zakonshme. \u00c7\u00ebshtja e madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb, a po e gjurmojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb? A kemi t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb mjaftueshme, transparenc\u00eb dhe qasje ndaj kampion\u00ebve? \u00c7far\u00eb po shfaqet n\u00eb Iran? \u00c7far\u00eb po shfaqet n\u00eb Izrael? \u00c7far\u00eb po shfaqet n\u00eb Itali? \u00c7far\u00eb po shfaqet n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara? A ka mjaftuesh\u00ebm transparenc\u00eb t\u00eb hapur n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale q\u00eb na lejon t\u00eb jemi n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap me ngjarjen? Un\u00eb jam internacionalist. T\u00eb gjejm\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb sesi t\u00eb p\u00ebrkujdesemi p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit tan\u00eb. T\u2019i kushtojm\u00eb v\u00ebmendje komuniteteve p\u00ebrreth bot\u00ebs q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ndihm\u00eb. Jemi pjes\u00eb e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit ekosistem. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje globale. Ose p\u00ebrgatitemi p\u00ebr t\u00eb dhe i p\u00ebrgjigjemi n\u00eb kontekstin e nj\u00eb qasje globale, ose nuk b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebshtu. N\u00ebse parap\u00ebrgatitja dhe p\u00ebrgjigjet ton\u00eb jan\u00eb vendo-centrike, at\u00ebher\u00eb po e shtiejm\u00eb veten n\u00eb telashe serioze.<\/span>
_____________________<\/span>
1. Lloj maceje q\u00eb rritet n\u00eb pyjet tropikale t\u00eb Azis\u00eb dhe Afrik\u00ebs.<\/span>
2. S\u00ebmundje q\u00eb transmetohet nga kafsh\u00ebt te njer\u00ebzit<\/span>
Kjo intervist\u00eb u p\u00ebrkthye nga Pavjo Gjini, versionin origjinal e t\u00eb cil\u00ebs mund ta gjeni k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

nyje.al |16.03.2020 Intervist\u00eb me Dennis Carroll p\u00ebr Revist\u00ebn Shkencore Nautilus.\u00a0Intervista u p\u00ebrgatit nga redaktori i revist\u00ebs Kevin Berger m\u00eb 12 mars, 2020. Dennis Carroll \u00ebsht\u00eb ish-drejtor i programit t\u00eb USAID-it PREDICT (PARASHIKO) fokusuar n\u00eb hulumtimin e viruseve q\u00eb gjenden te kafsh\u00ebt e egra. Program ky i cili u mbyll n\u00eb vitin 2019 pasi jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsia e tij 10-vje\u00e7are nuk u rifinancua p\u00ebr vazhdimin e pun\u00ebs. Aktualisht drejton projektin Global Virome, nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim global jo-fitimprur\u00ebs i cili tenton t\u00eb mobilizoj\u00eb shkenctar\u00eb, ekspert\u00eb dhe po ashtu teknologjin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit p\u00ebr v\u00ebzhgimin dhe regjistrimin e viruseve q\u00eb mbar\u00ebshtohen n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb egra. Projekti synon t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb databaz\u00eb bot\u00ebrore p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e viruseve n\u00eb popullatat e kafsh\u00ebve q\u00eb \u00a0rrezikojn\u00eb infektimin e njer\u00ebzve. Dennis Carroll \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga figurat kryesore bot\u00ebrore q\u00eb ka paralajm\u00ebruar transmetimin e patogjen\u00ebve nga kafsh\u00ebt tek njer\u00ebzit. Si arriti t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb koronavirusi aktual nga lakuriqi i nat\u00ebs te njer\u00ebzit?Nuk e dim\u00eb specifikisht, por mendohet se virusi po shp\u00ebrndahej nga kafsha n\u00eb treg nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb ka patur njer\u00ebz pran\u00eb. Ose mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb patur njer\u00ebz q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb duke e mbajtur kafsh\u00ebn. Mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb patur edhe burim dyt\u00ebsor. N\u00eb vitin 2002, p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb SARS-it n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, nuk u provua kontakti i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb i njer\u00ebzve me lakuriq\u00ebt si burim infeksioni. Pati nj\u00eb burim dyt\u00ebsor, kafsh\u00ebn e eg\u00ebr macen civet 1. A mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndodhur transmetimi fal\u00eb ngr\u00ebnies s\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb egra nga njer\u00ebzit?Tipikisht ekspozimi ndodh aty ku gatitet kafsha. Virusi vdes deri sa t\u00eb gatuhet dhe p\u00ebrgatitet. \u00cbsht\u00eb m\u00eb e zakont\u00eb q\u00eb transmetimi t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb magazinimin dhe therjen e kafsh\u00ebve, kur ndodh ekspozimi ndaj sekrecioneve, gjakut dhe l\u00ebngjeve t\u00eb tyre. N\u00eb rastin e gripit t\u00eb shpend\u00ebve, prej domestikimit t\u00eb tyre ekspozimi \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur dhe infektimi ndodh n\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjen e pul\u00ebs p\u00ebr gatim. N\u00eb Egjipt, p\u00ebr shembull, kur shohim se kush u infektua, m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti kishim t\u00eb b\u00ebnim me gra, drejtp\u00ebrdrejt t\u00eb lidhura me therjen dhe p\u00ebrgatitjen e kafsh\u00ebs. N\u00eb vitin 2018, ju me koleg\u00ebt tuaj shkruanit n\u00eb Science, \u201caft\u00ebsia jon\u00eb p\u00ebr ta neutralizuar shfaqjen e nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeje po minohet nga kuptimi yn\u00eb i varf\u00ebr mbi diversitetin dhe ekologjin\u00eb e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve virale.\u201d \u00c7far\u00eb kemi nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb mbi diversitetin dhe ekologjin\u00eb e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve virale?Gj\u00ebja e par\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen me t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb ballafaqohemi tashm\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb; tashm\u00eb po qarkullojn\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb egra. Mendojeni si nj\u00eb materie t\u00eb zez\u00eb virale. Pellgje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha virusesh qarkullojn\u00eb, por ne nuk familjarizohemi me to pa ngjar\u00eb p\u00ebrhapja e tyre me raste njer\u00ebzish q\u00eb s\u00ebmuren. A kan\u00eb lakuriq\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht nj\u00eb potencial t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrhapje?Me siguri. Ne ia kemi dal\u00eb t\u2019i identifikojm\u00eb lakuriq\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs si rezervuare koronavirus\u00ebsh dhe kemi dokumentuar popullata specifike lakuriq\u00ebsh si rezervuare p\u00ebr virusin Ebola. Po duam t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb sesi operon secili prej k\u00ebtyre lakuriq\u00ebve p\u00ebrbrenda nj\u00eb ekosistemi. A kan\u00eb sjellje dhe praktika t\u00eb caktuara q\u00eb i mbajn\u00eb ose larg ose pran\u00eb popullatave njer\u00ebzore? Popullata e lakuriq\u00ebve t\u00eb nat\u00ebs ku kemi izoluar virusin Ebola n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn Per\u00ebndimore ishte nj\u00eb lloj i lakuriq\u00ebve t\u00eb nat\u00ebs q\u00eb po ashtu priret t\u00eb ngre fole p\u00ebrbrenda strehimeve njer\u00ebzore, duke rritur k\u00ebshtu mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrhapjes. A kan\u00eb ndodhur \u00e7rregullime n\u00eb mjedisin e tyre q\u00eb i kan\u00eb afruar lakuriq\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs me ne njer\u00ebzit?\u00c7rregullimet n\u00eb mjedisin e tyre jemi ne. Kemi penetruar thell\u00eb e m\u00eb thell\u00eb p\u00ebrbrenda ekozonave t\u00eb tyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb pazaptuara m\u00ebpar\u00eb nga ne. Kush \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebsymje ton\u00ebn?N\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, v\u00ebrejm\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebsymje t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb shtyr\u00eb nga ekstraktimi i naft\u00ebs dhe mineraleve n\u00eb zona q\u00eb tipikisht kan\u00eb patur pak popullsi njer\u00ebzore. Problemi nuk q\u00ebndron vet\u00ebm te zhvendosja e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve dhe ngritja e kampeve n\u00eb k\u00ebto mjedise, por te nd\u00ebrtimi i rrug\u00ebve q\u00eb mund\u00ebson edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb popullsive. Rrug\u00ebt mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb po ashtu edhe l\u00ebvizjen e kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb egra q\u00eb ia dalin t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb n\u00eb zonat urbane dhe t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen pjes\u00eb e tregut t\u00eb ushqimit. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto ndryshime dramatike rrisin potencialin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb infektimit. A jan\u00eb k\u00ebto ngjarjet p\u00ebrhap\u00ebse m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonta tani se para 50 viteve?Po. Aleanca EkoSh\u00ebndeti, nj\u00eb NGO, dhe t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb ngjashme, kan\u00eb v\u00ebzhguar t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrhapjet e raportuara prej vitit 1940. Kan\u00eb mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim bukur t\u00eb sigurt\u00eb ku konstatojn\u00eb se kemi nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ngjarjeve p\u00ebrhap\u00ebse n\u00eb 2 deri n\u00eb 3 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa 40 vite m\u00eb her\u00ebt. Kjo vazhdon t\u00eb rritet, shtyr\u00eb nga rritja e jasht\u00ebzakonshme e popullatave njer\u00ebzore dhe zgjerimi i tyre n\u00eb zona t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb egra. Parashikuesi m\u00eb i madh i ngjarjeve p\u00ebrhap\u00ebse jan\u00eb ndryshimet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdorimit-t\u00eb-tok\u00ebs \u2014gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb tok\u00eb q\u00eb shkon p\u00ebr agrikultur\u00eb dhe m\u00eb specifikisht p\u00ebr ngritjen dhe prodhimin e fermave. A ka di\u00e7ka specifike n\u00eb nj\u00eb virus q\u00eb e b\u00ebn at\u00eb zoonotik 2?Mund t\u00eb argumentosh se viruset nuk jan\u00eb organizma t\u00eb gjall\u00eb. Jan\u00eb veshje proteinike q\u00eb brendashkruajn\u00eb ADN dhe ARN. P\u00ebrtej k\u00ebsaj, nuk kan\u00eb makineri t\u00eb tyren p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar m\u00eb vete. Por jan\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb nj\u00eb ekosistemi q\u00eb i ka t\u00eb gjitha makinerit\u00eb q\u00eb u duhen p\u00ebr riprodhimin e tyre. Nuk mund t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb nj\u00eb popullate kafsh\u00ebsh. Kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb kafsh\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebfishohen. Dhe ne jemi thjesht\u00eb nj\u00eb kafsh\u00eb mes t\u00eb tjerash p\u00ebr ta. Ne na duket vetja t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo, viruset po na infektojn\u00eb bash me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin q\u00ebllim si\u00e7 infektojn\u00eb lakuriq\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs dhe macet civet. Viruste jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb balanc\u00eb delikate, apo jo? Iu duhet t\u00eb shumohen pa e vrar\u00eb bart\u00ebsin e tyre. Pik\u00ebrisht. Ata q\u00eb e vrasin shpejt bart\u00ebsin e tyre zhduken shum\u00eb shpejt edhe vet\u00eb po ashtu. Me virusin SARS, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi q\u00eb vrasja e 10% e bart\u00ebsve e b\u00ebri q\u00eb t\u00eb mos mundte t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb virus pandemik n\u00eb planet. A ka ndonj\u00eb shenj\u00eb q\u00eb ky koronavirus do t\u00eb vet\u00ebvritet?Ky ka nj\u00eb patogjenicitet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Sa m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt rrezikshm\u00ebria, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb ka gjasa t\u00eb b\u00ebhet pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb endemie, pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb ngjarje sezonale. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga gj\u00ebrat<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5484,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","ocean_post_layout":"right-sidebar","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"ocs-kendveshtrim-category-post-sidebar","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kryenyje","category-opinion","entry","has-media"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3076"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3076\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25213,"href":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3076\/revisions\/25213"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}