{"id":26636,"date":"2024-10-22T12:44:19","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T10:44:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/?p=26636"},"modified":"2024-10-22T13:06:46","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T11:06:46","slug":"qafa-dhe-shpata-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nyje.al\/sq\/qafa-dhe-shpata-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Qafa dhe shpata (I)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Foto nga Hammam Fuad, Prill 2024, Palestin\u00eb <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Qafa dhe shpata (I)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Rashid Khalidi | Intervistuar nga Tariq Ali | Shqip\u00ebruar nga Genc Shehu\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Botuar n\u00eb numrin 147 t\u00eb revist\u00ebs New Left Review<\/span><\/a> (Maj\/Qershor 2024)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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*Sh\u00ebnim redaksional*\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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New Left Review \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb revist\u00eb dymujore me reputacion t\u00eb madh nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar dhe q\u00eb botohet prej viteve 1960. Revista prej fillimit t\u00eb saj mbledh rreth vetes mendimtar\u00eb dhe teoricien\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me t\u00eb Majt\u00ebn e Re britanike e cila tenton t\u00eb adresoj\u00eb problemet strukturore t\u00eb zhvillimeve globale por edhe t\u00eb vet\u00eb teorive t\u00eb majta. Disa nga emrat m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhur me revist\u00ebn jan\u00eb Stuart Hall, Perry Anderson, Nancy Fraser etj.<\/span><\/p>

Rashid Khalidi \u00ebsht\u00eb profesor emeritus i Studimeve Moderne Arabe n\u00eb Universitetin e Kolumbias dhe ish-drejtues i katedr\u00ebs Edward Said n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin universitet. Ka qen\u00eb kryeredaktor i Revist\u00ebs Studime Palestineze dhe President i Shoqat\u00ebs s\u00eb Studimeve t\u00eb Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme. Po ashtu, ka sh\u00ebrbyer si k\u00ebshilltar i delegacionit palestinez n\u00eb Madrid dhe Uashington n\u00eb negociatat p\u00ebr paqe arabo-izraelite nga tetori i vitit 1991 deri n\u00eb Qershor 1993. Nd\u00ebr shum\u00eb botime t\u00eb tij, ka shkruar librin <\/span>The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine: A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917- 2017\u00a0(2020)<\/i><\/b>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Intervista e m\u00ebposhtme p\u00ebrshkruan gjith\u00eb historin\u00eb moderne t\u00eb Palestin\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb asaj t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhur me t\u00eb nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb XIX deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme. Temat prekin lindjen e sionizmit, qeverisjen britanike t\u00eb kolonive dhe trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e saj n\u00eb lindjen e shtetit t\u00eb Izraelit, m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb qeverisjes, implikimet e luft\u00ebrave antikoloniale, dinamikat e brendshme t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes palestineze p\u00ebr \u00e7lirim dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien e saj me l\u00ebvizje n\u00eb vendet e tjera arabe, historin\u00eb e negociatave p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfundimin e konfliktit dhe p\u00ebrpjekjen e Izraelit vitin e fundit \u2013 t\u00eb cil\u00ebsuar nga Gjykata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb si p\u00ebrpjekje q\u00eb, sipas t\u00eb gjitha gjasave, p\u00ebrb\u00ebn gjenocid ndaj popullit palestinez \u2013 p\u00ebr \u00e7lirimin e pengjeve t\u00eb marr\u00eb nga Hamasi pas sulmit t\u00eb 7 Tetorit 2023 dhe p\u00ebr zhdukjen e k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb fundit.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me t\u00eb tashmen, jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb kuptimin e tmerreve q\u00eb po shkaktohen ndaj Palestin\u00ebs tani, por t\u00eb tashmen si pjes\u00eb e t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs ende-t\u00eb-gjall\u00eb t\u00eb Palestin\u00ebs. Shtypja brutale anglo-sioniste e Revolt\u00ebs s\u00eb Madhe Arabe t\u00eb viteve 1936-39 u pasua nga Nakba<\/span><\/i> e vitit 1948, Lufta Gjasht\u00ebditore n\u00eb vitin 1967, rrethimi i Bejrutit n\u00eb vitin 1982, i udh\u00ebhequr nga Ariel Sharon dhe masakrat n\u00eb Sabra dhe Shatila, dy Intifadat dhe terrori i vazhduesh\u00ebm i l\u00ebshuar nga Izraeli q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, gjenocidi pas 7 Tetorit duket se ka pasur nj\u00eb ndikim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh global se ndonj\u00ebri prej k\u00ebtyre.<\/i><\/span><\/p>

Po, di\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebkundur globalisht. Nuk jam i sigurt pse k\u00ebto episode historike nuk e pat\u00ebn efektin e ndryshimit t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb narrativ\u00ebs \u2013 n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti narrativ\u00ebs popullore. Nuk dua t\u00eb spekuloj p\u00ebr gj\u00ebra si mediat sociale. Por ky ka qen\u00eb gjenocidi i par\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb brez d\u00ebshmon n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale, n\u00eb pajisjet e tyre. A ishte ky i pari [gjenocid] i koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ShBA-ja, Britania dhe fuqit\u00eb per\u00ebndimore qen\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, ndryshe nga t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, si n\u00eb Sudan apo Mianmar? A ishin p\u00ebrpjekjet e p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebsve pro-palestinez\u00eb, gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb brezi ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb, ato q\u00eb gatit\u00ebn njer\u00ebzit p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb? Nuk e di. Por ju keni t\u00eb drejt\u00eb q\u00eb, si rezultat i tmerrit q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaktuar mbi Gaz\u00ebn p\u00ebr tet\u00eb muaj t\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb dhe q\u00eb ende po shkaktohet tani, ka ndodhur di\u00e7ka e re. Zhvendosja e tre t\u00eb kat\u00ebrtave t\u00eb nj\u00eb milion njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb vitin 1948 nuk prodhoi t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn buj\u00eb. Revolta Arabe e viteve 1936-39 \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht e harruar. Asnj\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre ngjarjeve t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme nuk pati efekt t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Sh\u00ebnim redaksional<\/span> – Nakba<\/span><\/i> (arabisht: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \u201cKatastrofa\u201d) i referohet<\/span> ngjarjeve t\u00eb vitit 1948. Me p\u00ebrfundimin e mandatit britanik mbi Palestin\u00ebn n\u00eb 14 maj 1948, forcat sioniste shpall\u00ebn shtetin e Izraelit dhe po ashtu nisi lufta Izraelito-Arabe. Si pasoj\u00eb e politikave t\u00eb dhunshme dhe zbuese t\u00eb Izraelit t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 750.000 palestinez\u00eb u shp\u00ebrngul\u00ebn me dhun\u00eb nga sht\u00ebpit\u00eb dhe vendbanimet e tyre. Forcat izraelite mor\u00ebn n\u00eb kontroll 78% t\u00eb territorit, teksa pjesa e mbetur u nda midis Rripit t\u00eb Gaz\u00ebs dhe Bregut Per\u00ebndimor. Palestina ka qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e territoreve t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane deri sa u mor n\u00eb kontroll nga Britania e madhe n\u00eb fundin e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Lidhja e Kombeve vendosi q\u00eb Britania t\u00eb kishte mandatin mbi t\u00eb deri sa popullsia vendase t\u00eb cil\u00ebsohej si e zonja p\u00ebr t\u00eb themeluar nj\u00eb shtet t\u00eb pavarur. Mir\u00ebpo, mandati britanik kishte nj\u00eb vizion izraelit p\u00ebr territorin, t\u00eb koordinuar me fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb koh\u00ebs dhe ato rajonale, pavar\u00ebsisht se hebrenjt\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin m\u00eb pak se 10% t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb vendase. \u201cDeklarata e Balfurit\u201d e ilustron k\u00ebt\u00eb vizion. N\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr t\u00eb 2 n\u00ebntorit 1917, sekretari p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie me jasht\u00eb i Britanis\u00eb, Arthur James Balfour, i zotohet L. W. Rothschild-it, nga figurat kryesore t\u00eb komunitetit anglo-hebre, p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetjen e themelimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb shteti am\u00eb p\u00ebr popullin hebraik n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb. P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb mandatit t\u00eb saj, Britania e ka mb\u00ebshtetur dhe leht\u00ebsuar migrimin e hebrenjve europian\u00eb drejt Palestin\u00ebs. Si pasoj\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj mb\u00ebshtetjeje, popullsia hebraike u rrit rreth 10-fish duke arritur rreth 700 mij\u00eb hebrenj n\u00eb vitin 1948 dhe po ashtu u intensifikuan edhe p\u00ebrplasjet dhe konfliktet me popullsin\u00eb palestineze vendase. N\u00eb shkurt 1947, Britania kishte deklaruar se do ta p\u00ebrfundonte mandatin e saj mbi Palestin\u00ebn. N\u00eb n\u00ebntor, Asambleja e P\u00ebrgjithshme e OKB-s\u00eb kaloi rezolut\u00ebn e Ndarjes s\u00eb Palestin\u00ebs n\u00eb dy shtete, nj\u00eb hebre (55% e territorit) dhe nj\u00eb arab (45% e territorit), me Jerusalemin n\u00ebn administrim nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. Vendet arabe nuk e pranuan planin, nd\u00ebrsa forcat paramilitare hebreje filluan sulmet ndaj vendbanimeve palestineze duke d\u00ebbuar me mij\u00ebra deri n\u00eb nisjen e nj\u00eb lufte t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1948 mes forcave izraelite dhe atyre arabe, pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb mandatit britanik. Q\u00eb prej asaj periudhe, palestinez\u00ebt e d\u00ebbuar jan\u00eb shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb refugjat\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e kan\u00eb t\u00eb pamundur t\u00eb kthehen n\u00eb sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e tyre nga politikat e Izraelit q\u00eb e pamund\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, edhe pse e drejta e rikthimit njihet nga ligjet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Kjo ngjarje sh\u00ebnohet \u00e7do 15 maj nga palestinez\u00ebt n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn, teksa tashm\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb problemin m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb pazgjidhur t\u00eb refugjat\u00ebve n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Revolta Arabe gjithmon\u00eb m\u00eb ka mahnitur si nj\u00eb nga episodet madhore t\u00eb luft\u00ebs antikoloniale, e cila ka marr\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak v\u00ebmendje se \u00e7\u2019meriton. Filloi si nj\u00eb grev\u00eb [e p\u00ebrgjithshme], u b\u00eb nj\u00eb seri grevash, pastaj u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb nj\u00eb kryengritje t\u00eb madhe komb\u00ebtare q\u00eb mbajti forcat britanike t\u00eb ng\u00ebrthyera p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se tre vjet. A mund t\u00eb na jap\u00ebsh nj\u00eb shpjegim t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs, zhvillimit dhe pasojave t\u00eb saj?<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>

Revolta Arabe ishte n\u00eb thelb nj\u00eb kryengritje popullore, n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb masive. Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit tradicional\u00eb palestinez\u00eb u kap\u00ebn n\u00eb befasi, ashtu si Arafati dhe udh\u00ebheqja e O\u00c7P-s\u00eb [Organizata p\u00ebr \u00c7lirimin e Palestin\u00ebs] u befasuan nga Intifada<\/span> e Par\u00eb<\/span> n\u00eb vitin 1987. T\u00eb dyja kryengritjet u shkaktuan nga incidente t\u00eb vogla; n\u00eb rastin e Revolt\u00ebs Arabe, qe vdekja n\u00eb betej\u00eb e Sheik ‘Iz al-Din al-Qassam-it n\u00eb n\u00ebntor t\u00eb vitit 1935, i vrar\u00eb nga forcat britanike. I lindur n\u00eb vitin 1882 n\u00eb Jableh, n\u00eb bregdetin sirian, al-Qassam ishte dijetar fetar, i trajnuar n\u00eb Al-Azhar dhe militant anti-imperialist, q\u00eb luftoi kund\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha fuqive per\u00ebndimore n\u00eb rajon, duke filluar me italian\u00ebt n\u00eb Libi n\u00eb vitin 1911, pastaj me forcat e mandatit francez n\u00eb Siri n\u00eb vitet 1919\u201320. P\u00ebrfundoi n\u00eb Palestin\u00ebn e Mandatit britanik, ku jetoi dhe punoi kryesisht mes fshatar\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve urban\u00eb. Vrasja e al-Qassam-it pati nj\u00eb amplitud\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, saq\u00eb brenda pak muajsh ndihmoi n\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimin e grev\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme n\u00eb historin\u00eb koloniale t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs midis dy luft\u00ebrave. P\u00ebrshkrimi m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i k\u00ebsaj \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga Ghassan Kanafani, shkrimtari i madh palestinez, i vrar\u00eb nga izraelit\u00ebt n\u00eb vitin 1972; ky do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej kapitulli i par\u00eb i vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb tij mbi historin\u00eb e p\u00ebrpjekjes palestineze, e pap\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb momentin e vdekjes s\u00eb tij.1<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Sh\u00ebnim redaksional<\/span> – <\/span><\/i>Intifada<\/span><\/i> (arabisht: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \u201ckryengritje\u201d) i referohet dy kryengritjeve t\u00eb popullit palestinez kund\u00ebr pushtimit izraelit: e para (1987\u20131993) dhe e dyta (2000\u20132005). <\/span>Intifada I<\/b> (1987-1993) nisi si mosbindje civile paq\u00ebsore dhe u p\u00ebrshkall\u00ebzua n\u00eb sulme t\u00eb armatosura si pasoj\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjigjes brutale t\u00eb forcave izraelite duke shkaktuar rreth 2 mij\u00eb vdekje me raportin palestinez\u00eb-izraelit\u00eb 3 me 1. Kryengritja p\u00ebrfundoi duke hapur rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr marr\u00ebveshjen e Oslos dhe negociatat p\u00ebr paqe midis O\u00c7P-s\u00eb dhe Izraelit p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb viteve \u201990. Si pasoj\u00eb e d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb negociatave p\u00ebr paqe dhe avancimit t\u00eb Izraelit n\u00eb territoret palestineze filloi <\/span>Intifada II<\/b> (2000-2005) e cila ishte m\u00eb e dhunshme se e para duke p\u00ebrfunduar me vdekjen e 4 mij\u00eb e 300 personave n\u00eb raportin palestinez\u00eb-izraelit\u00eb 3 me 1.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Analiza e Kanafanit mbetet e vlefshme edhe sot. Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, ai n\u00ebnvizoi ndikimin ekonomik mbi klasat popullore p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb migrimit hebre n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1930, pasi Hitleri erdhi n\u00eb pushtet; shpun\u00ebsimin e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve arab\u00eb nga fabrikat dhe kantieret, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me politik\u00ebn e\u00a0Ben-Gurion<\/span>it\u00a0p\u00ebr \u201cPun\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr hebrenjt\u00eb\u201d; d\u00ebbimin e 20 mij\u00eb familjeve fshatare nga fushat dhe pemishtet e tyre, t\u00eb shitura kolon\u00ebve sionist\u00eb nga pronar\u00eb t\u00eb papranish\u00ebm; rritjen e varf\u00ebris\u00eb. K\u00ebto soj revoltash popullore shp\u00ebrthejn\u00eb kur njer\u00ebzit arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb ku thjesht nuk mund t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb m\u00eb si m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, zem\u00ebrimi shoq\u00ebror u kombinua me ndjenja t\u00eb fuqishme komb\u00ebtare dhe fetare. Palestinez\u00ebt u ngrit\u00ebn kund\u00ebr fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb britanike \u2013 e cila, n\u00eb nj\u00eb shekull e gjysm\u00eb, nuk qe detyruar t\u00eb jepte pavar\u00ebsi p\u00ebr asnj\u00eb koloni, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Irland\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1921. Revolta Arabe u shtyp nga ajo q\u00eb ende ishte perandoria m\u00eb e fuqishme n\u00eb bot\u00eb, por palestinez\u00ebt luftuan p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se tre vjet, me ndoshta nj\u00eb t\u00eb gjasht\u00ebn e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb rritur mashkullore t\u00eb vrar\u00eb, t\u00eb plagosur, n\u00eb burg ose n\u00eb m\u00ebrgim. N\u00eb analet e periudh\u00ebs midis dy luft\u00ebrave, kjo ishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje e paprecedent\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysur sundimin kolonial. Ajo u shtyp vet\u00ebm pas dislokimit t\u00eb 100 mij\u00eb trupave dhe forc\u00ebs ajrore t\u00eb Britanis\u00eb, RAF. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faqe e harruar n\u00eb historin\u00eb palestineze.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Sh\u00ebnim redaksional<\/span> –<\/span><\/i><\/span>\u00a0David Ben-Gurion (1886) ishte kryeministri i par\u00eb i shtetit t\u00eb Izraelit dhe konsiderohet si babai i kombit izraelit.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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A nuk \u00e7oi kjo disfat\u00eb gjithashtu n\u00eb nj\u00eb demoralizim brenda masave palestineze, asisoj q\u00eb kur filloi tamam Nakba n\u00eb 1947-n, ata ende nuk ishin m\u00ebk\u00ebmbur nga terrori i viteve 1936\u201339?<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>

Disfata e Revolt\u00ebs Arabe krijoi nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb q\u00eb preku popullin palestinez p\u00ebr dekada. Si\u00e7 shkruan Kanafani, Nakba, \u201ckapitulli i dyt\u00eb i disfat\u00ebs palestineze\u201d \u2013 nga fundi i vitit 1947 deri n\u00eb mesin e vitit 1948 \u2013 ishte jasht\u00ebzakonisht e shkurt\u00ebr, sepse ishte vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrfundimi i k\u00ebtij kapitulli t\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjaksh\u00ebm q\u00eb kishte zgjatur nga prilli i vitit 1936 deri n\u00eb shtatorin e vitit 1939.2<\/sup><\/span> Ajo q\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb britanik\u00ebt u kopjua m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb pothuajse \u00e7do imt\u00ebsi nga udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit sionist\u00eb, q\u00eb nga Ben-Gurioni e k\u00ebtej. Qoft\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, ia vlen t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb koston p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb palestineze. T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn dy mij\u00eb sht\u00ebpi u hodh\u00ebn n\u00eb er\u00eb, t\u00eb mbjellat u shkat\u00ebrruan, mbi nj\u00ebqind rebel\u00eb u ekzekutuan p\u00ebr posedim arm\u00ebsh. E gjith\u00eb kjo u shoq\u00ebrua me shtetrrethim, burgim pa gjyq, ekzil t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm, tortur\u00eb dhe praktika si lidhja e fshatar\u00ebve p\u00ebrpara lokomotivave t\u00eb avullit, si mburoj\u00eb ndaj sulmeve nga luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt e liris\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb popullsi arabe prej rreth nj\u00eb milion\u00eb banor\u00ebsh, 5 mij\u00eb u vran\u00eb, mbi 10 mij\u00eb u plagos\u00ebn dhe mbi 5 mij\u00eb t\u00eb burgosur politik\u00eb u lan\u00eb t\u00eb kalben syrgjyn n\u00eb burgje koloniale.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Gjat\u00eb shtypjes s\u00eb Revolt\u00ebs Arabe, britanik\u00ebt u dhan\u00eb forcave sioniste q\u00eb punonin me ta nj\u00eb trajnim t\u00eb vlefsh\u00ebm antikryengrit\u00ebs.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>

Po. Sionist\u00ebve u m\u00ebsuan \u00e7do teknik\u00eb t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb koloniale nga ekspert\u00ebt e antikryengritjes, si Orde Wingate dhe specialist\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb n\u00eb tortura dhe vrasje. Britanik\u00ebt importuan veteran\u00eb nga India, si Charles Tegart, Shefi fam\u00ebkeq i Policis\u00eb n\u00eb Kalkut\u00eb, i cili ishte subjekt i gjasht\u00eb tentativave p\u00ebr vrasje nga nacionalist\u00ebt indian\u00eb. T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat fortesa dhe kampe burgimi t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara nga Tegart jan\u00eb ende n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim nga Izraeli sot. Ata soll\u00ebn njer\u00ebz nga Irlanda dhe vende t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb, si Sudani, ku zuri fill karriera Wingate dhe ku kush\u00ebriri i babait t\u00eb tij, Reginald Wingate, kishte qen\u00eb guvernator i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm dhe m\u00eb par\u00eb nj\u00eb oficer inteligjence.<\/span><\/p>

Orde Wingate, nj\u00eb em\u00ebr i harruar prej koh\u00ebsh. Dyshoj n\u00ebse shum\u00eb lexues madje kan\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb figur\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7mendur, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin Montgomery tha se gj\u00ebja m\u00eb e mir\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebri ishte q\u00eb ndodhej n\u00eb aksidentin e avionit q\u00eb e vrau n\u00eb Burma n\u00eb vitin 1944. Kush ishte ai dhe a kishte ndonj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb me forcat sioniste? M\u00eb kujtohet vagullt nj\u00eb serial televiziv i BBC-s\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1976, ku ai paraqitej si hero.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>

Ai ishte nj\u00eb vras\u00ebs gjakftoht\u00eb kolonial, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoi si gjeneral major, i cili p\u00ebr\u00e7mohej nga shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb vet\u00eb radh\u00ebve t\u00eb tij, si\u00e7 sugjeron komenti i Montgomery-t; Montgomery gjithashtu e p\u00ebrshkroi Wingate-in si \u201cmend\u00ebrisht t\u00eb paq\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm\u201d. Churchill, q\u00eb nuk i mungonte asnj\u00ebher\u00eb shkatht\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkaktuar vuajtje mbi popullsit\u00eb n\u00ebn sundim, e quajti Wingate-in \u201ctep\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr\u201d. Wingate lindi n\u00eb Indin\u00eb britanike, n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje t\u00eb devotshme t\u00eb V\u00ebllez\u00ebrve Plymouth. Nj\u00eb fundamentalist i krishter\u00eb dhe literalist biblik, ai promovonte versionin e Dhiat\u00ebs s\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr sh\u00eblbimin hebraik. Ai mb\u00ebrriti n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb si kapiten i inteligjenc\u00ebs ushtarake, pik\u00ebrisht kur po fillonte kryengritja e vitit 1936. Dinte arabisht, m\u00ebsoi hebraisht dhe u b\u00eb nj\u00eb figur\u00eb ky\u00e7e n\u00eb st\u00ebrvitjen e luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb Haganah-ut si \u201cSkuadra t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb nat\u00ebs\u201d \u2013 me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, skuadra vras\u00ebsish \u2013 p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebnjestruar dhe vrar\u00eb fshatar\u00ebt palestinez\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr male, si\u00e7 b\u00ebjn\u00eb sot ushtar\u00ebt dhe kolon\u00ebt izraelit\u00eb. Nami i tij i keq ishte aq i madh saq\u00eb, kur shp\u00ebrtheu lufta europiane n\u00eb vitin 1939, personalitetet arabe k\u00ebrkuan q\u00eb Wingate t\u00eb d\u00ebbohej nga rajoni. Dhe u d\u00ebbua. Pasaporta iu vulos, duke ia ndaluar kthimin. Puna e tij kishte p\u00ebrfunduar. Ai kishte st\u00ebrvitur shum\u00eb nga njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb komandant\u00eb t\u00eb Palmach-ut dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb izraelite, si Moshe Dayan dhe Yigal Allon. Disa vende n\u00eb Izrael mbajn\u00eb emrin e tij dhe me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb konsiderohet themeluesi i doktrin\u00ebs ushtarake izraelite.<\/span><\/p>

Ai i m\u00ebsoi mir\u00eb ata.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>

Po. Ajo q\u00eb dikur ishte nj\u00eb specialitet kolonial britanik u b\u00eb nj\u00eb specialitet kolonial izraelit. Gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb izraelit\u00ebt e kan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar nga britanik\u00ebt \u2013 p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe ligjet, si Rregulloret e Emergjenc\u00ebs t\u00eb Mbrojtjes t\u00eb vitit 1945, p\u00ebr shembull, q\u00eb britanik\u00ebt i p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn kund\u00ebr Irgun-it. T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat ligje jan\u00eb ende n\u00eb fuqi, tani t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura kund\u00ebr palestinez\u00ebve. E gjith\u00eb kjo vjen nga manuali kolonial britanik.<\/span><\/p>

Nj\u00eb fitore \u2013 ose edhe nj\u00eb barazim \u2013 p\u00ebr Revolt\u00ebn Arabe do t\u00eb kishte shtruar themelet e nj\u00eb identiteti komb\u00ebtar palestinez dhe do t\u00eb kishte fuqizuar forcat e tyre p\u00ebr betejat q\u00eb i prisnin p\u00ebrpara. Ashtu si Kanafani, ju keni argumentuar se luhatjet e udh\u00ebheqjes tradicionale palestineze luajt\u00ebn nj\u00eb rol ky\u00e7 n\u00eb disfat\u00eb, duke iu servilosur mbret\u00ebrve kolaboracionist\u00eb arab\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin vendosur n\u00eb fron nga britanik\u00ebt, si\u00e7 ndodhi n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebn Xhejmsit, p\u00ebr shembull?<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>

At\u00ebher\u00eb, ashtu si tani, udh\u00ebheqja palestineze ishte e p\u00ebr\u00e7ar\u00eb. Ata kishin ngecur nga paaft\u00ebsia e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord p\u00ebr nj\u00eb strategji t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme \u2013 p\u00ebr t\u00eb mobilizuar popullsin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb forum p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues komb\u00ebtar, nj\u00eb asamble popullore ku k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje do mund t\u00eb diskutoheshin. Ndryshe nga India, Iraku dhe pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs, britanik\u00ebt u mohuan palestinez\u00ebve \u00e7do qasje politike n\u00eb shtetin kolonial. K\u00ebshtu argumenti p\u00ebr nj\u00eb asamble popullore q\u00eb t\u00eb thyente p\u00ebrfundimisht strukturat e kontrollit kolonial ishte shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a01. Ghassan Kanafani, <\/span>The Revolution of 1936\u20131939 in Palestine: Background Detailsand Analysis<\/span><\/i>, Nju Jork 2023 [1972]. <\/span><\/span><\/p>

2. <\/span><\/span>Kanafani, <\/span>The Revolution of 1936\u20131939 in Palestine<\/span><\/i>, f. 60.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPjesa e dyt\u00eb<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Qafa dhe shpata (II)<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPjesa e tret\u00eb<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Qafa dhe shpata <\/b>(III)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPjesa e kat\u00ebrt<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Qafa dhe shpata <\/b>(IV)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPjesa e pest\u00eb<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Qafa dhe shpata (V)<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIntervista e plot\u00eb<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Qafa dhe shpata (E plot\u00eb)<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h2><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Imazhi i ballin\u00ebs<\/strong><\/em><\/span>: \u00a0Hammam Fuad<\/a><\/span> n\u00eb<\/span>\u00a0Unsplash<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Intervista e m\u00ebposhtme p\u00ebrshkruan gjith\u00eb historin\u00eb moderne t\u00eb Palestin\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb asaj t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhur me t\u00eb nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb XIX deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme. Temat prekin lindjen e sionizmit, qeverisjen britanike t\u00eb kolonive dhe trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e saj n\u00eb lindjen e shtetit t\u00eb Izraelit, m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb qeverisjes, implikimet e luft\u00ebrave antikoloniale, dinamikat e brendshme t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes palestineze p\u00ebr \u00e7lirim dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien e saj me l\u00ebvizje n\u00eb vendet e tjera arabe, historin\u00eb e negociatave p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfundimin e konfliktit dhe p\u00ebrpjekjen e Izraelit vitin e fundit \u2013 t\u00eb cil\u00ebsuar nga Gjykata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb si p\u00ebrpjekje q\u00eb, sipas t\u00eb gjitha gjasave, p\u00ebrb\u00ebn gjenocid ndaj popullit palestinez \u2013 p\u00ebr \u00e7lirimin e pengjeve t\u00eb marr\u00eb nga Hamasi pas sulmit t\u00eb 7 Tetorit 2023 dhe p\u00ebr zhdukjen e k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb 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